Partha Banerjee

Turkey shares a Black Sea maritime border with Russia and Ukraine. It has jurisdiction over the Turkish straits under the Montreux Convention, ratified in 1936. The agreement assures free transit of civilian vessels via the Turkish straits unless they are from a belligerent country. It also gives Turkey the power to restrict the straits to all merchant ships if it so chooses. Non-Black Sea states are limited to a total weight of 30,000 tonnes at any given time and are only allowed to stay in the region for 21 days. The Montreux pact has remained in force despite Turkey's refusal to sign the UN convention because of a long-standing conflict with Greece.

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