Myocardial infarction (often called a heart attack) is a very serious condition caused by a lack of blood flow to your heart muscle. Lack of blood flow may be due to many different factors but it is usually related to obstruction of one or more arteries of your heart. Acute myocardial infarction, also known as heart disease, is a life-threatening condition that occurs when blood flow to the heart muscle is abruptly cut off, causing tissue damage. This is usually the result of obstruction of one or more coronary arteries. The blockage may develop as a result of the accumulation of plaque, fatty acids, cholesterol, and cellular waste products or as a result of the sudden blood clots that form in the blockage. What are the symptoms of acute myocardial infarction? If you, or someone close to you, is experiencing symptoms of a heart attack, call 911 or go to the nearest emergency department. Although the oldest symptoms of a heart attack are asthma and shortness of breath, the symptoms can vary greatly. The most common symptoms of a heart attack include: chest tightness or tightness, pain in the chest, back, jaw and other upper extremities that lasts more than a few minutes or moves away, shortness of breath, sweating, nausea, anxiety, feeling like you are going to faint, rapid heartbeat and a feeling of coming judgment. It is important to note that not all people with a heart attack have the same symptoms or the same severity of symptoms. Chest pain is a common symptom reported between women and men. However, women are more likely to be than men to have many “unusual” symptoms, such as: shortness of breath, jaw pain, upper back pain and nausea. In fact, some women who have had a heart attack report that their symptoms sound like flu-like symptoms. What causes acute myocardial infarction? Your heart is a vital organ in your cardiovascular system, which includes various types of blood vessels. Some of the most important vessels are vessels. They take oxygen-rich blood from your body and all your organs. Cardiovascular systems absorb oxygen-rich blood, especially your heart tissue. When these arteries become blocked or narrowed due to the formation of a soft crust, the blood flow to your heart can be greatly reduced or stopped altogether. This can cause heart disease. Who is at risk for acute myocardial infarction? A major cause of heart problems can be Fat. People who eat a lot of processed and fried foods, as well as meat and dairy products that contain unhealthy saturated fats and trans saturated fats, are at greater risk for heart disease. Obesity can increase this risk. According to one study, replacing 2 percent calories consumed in carbs with saturated fat could double the risk of heart disease. In addition, your blood contains fats known as triglycerides, which keep the energy from the food you eat. If your triglycerides level in your blood are high, you may be at greater risk for heart disease. If, in addition, you have high levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) in your blood, your risk may be even higher. This is because LDL cholesterol can stick to the walls of your arteries and produce plaque, a solid substance that blocks the flow of blood to the arteries. Lowering the cholesterol and unhealthy fats in your body usually requires you to eat nutritious foods that contain fewer processed foods, and if necessary, take medications called statins. Your doctor will be able to recommend the best diet for you and determine if you need medication. How is acute myocardial infarction diagnosed? To determine if you have a heart attack, your doctor will look at your history of symptoms, as well as your important symptoms such as high blood pressure. Your doctor will then complete the physical examination with a direct attention to the heart. Your doctor will also perform several different tests if he or she suspects you have a heart attack. An electrocardiogram (EKG) can be performed to measure the electrical activity of your heart. Blood tests will also be used to detect proteins associated with heart damage, such as troponin. Your doctor may also perform an angiogram with coronary catheterization to check for blockages in your arteries.
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