MENTAL DISORDERS
Disturbance/derangement that affects the function of the mind or body.
To disturb the normal physical or mental health of derange
Understand that mental disorders are truly disorders of the brain.
(Not mind)
A pathological condition of a body part, an organ, or a system
resulting from various causes such as infection, genetic defect,
environmental stress.
Psychopathology, The scientific study of psychological disorders.
Today the medical model is identified as the driving force in
diagnosing and treatment of psychopathology.
Mental disorders can impact well-being, and they express
differently in children, adolescents, and adults.
THE MENTAL ILLNESS ARE CALLED
IN DIFFERENT NAMES
• Mental disorders
• Mental illness
• Psychotic disorders
• Psychiatric disorder
• Psychological disorder
DIFFERENT TYPES OF MENTAL
DISORDERS
Mood disorders
Anxiety disorders
Psychotic disorder
Somatoform disorder
Eating disorder
Adjustment disorder
Factious disorder
Emotional disorders during menopause – ( mood swings, depression, anxiety )
Personality disorders
Substance-related disorders
Neurodevelopment discognitive and developmental disorder (learning disabilities)
Sexual disorder
Impulse control disorder
Dissociative disorder
MOOD DISORDER
Depression
Stress
Bipolar
Cyclothymic disorder
Dysthymia
The primary symptom is a disturbance in mood. Influenced
by both biological and environmental factors
DEPRESSION
Causes people to experience low mood, loss of interest,
pleasure, feeling of guilt, disturbed sleep, low appetite, low
energy, poor concentration.
3 types of depression
1. Mild
2. Moderate
3. Severe
STRESS
Any problem or situation that person
finds difficult to face and cope with can
be called stress.
Stress can be defined as unrest or
an uncomfortable situation that arises
by unexpected life incidence to any
person in day-to-day life.
Causes for stress
More responsibility
Less responsibility
Lack of resources
Low wages
Low dignity
Dictatorship
Poor work environment
No promotion
Sexual problem
Lack of appreciation
Unnecessary enforcement
Lack of cooperation
Transport difficulties
Health problem
Family conflicts
Problem of children
Lack of relaxation
Difficulty in maintaining social status
STRESS MANAGEMENT
Stress management is a way of prevention mitigation and
development of tolerance of a person
The following approaches can be used for this strategy
Management approach
Health habit approach
Psychological approach
Life philosophical approach
Psychiatric approach.
SYMPTOMS AND SIGNS OF
STRESS
Changes in the mind
Change in the body
Changes in the behavior
Change in a relationship.
PHYSICAL ILLNESS DUE TO STRESS LONG TERM
STRESS CAN BE A CAUSE FOR DIFFERENT TYPES
OF DISEASES AND DISORDERS
Breathing disorder
Increase in hand heat
Vomiting a nausea
Faintish
Asthma
Need for alcohol
Severe smoking
Reading appetite
Wounding
Skin rashes
Addiction to medicine
Sleeping duration
Fearful dreaming
Tiredness
Food allergy
Digestive problems
Severe headache
Backbone pain
Stroke
Frustration
Memory lapse
Irritability.
Bipolar
Bipolar disorder is characterized by shifts in mood as well as changes in
activity and energy levels.
This disorder often involves experiencing shifts between elevated moods and
periods of depression such as elevated moods can be pronounced and
referred to either as mania or hypomania.
Cyclothymia
It is a relatively mild mood disorder. People with bipolar disorder will experience
clinically diagnosed mania and usually major depression while people with
cyclothymia have low–grade depression and mild symptoms of hypomania
the symptom usually begin in adolescence going till adulthood
Dysthymia
The chronic form of depression may cause you to lose interest in life, feel
hopeless, lack productivity
Low self-esteem
The overall feeling of low adequacy
Lose interest in day-to-day activities
ANXIETY
Anxiety disorders are those that are characterized by excessive and
persistent fear, worry, anxiety, and related behavioral disturbances.
• Panic disorder
• Phobia agoraphobia
Specific phobia
Social phobia
• Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)
• Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)
• Acute stress disorder (ASD)
• Post-traumatic disorder (PISD)
SEXUAL DISORDERS
Sexual disorders are characterized by disturbance in sexual desire and
drive, and the psychophysiological changes that characterize the sexual
response cycle can cause marked distress and interpersonal difficulties.
Sexual deviations
Most people in a society regard sexual preference as normal
Sexual preference can be harmful to other people
A person with the preference suffers from its consequences.
Abnormalities of the sexual object
Fetishism
Transvetism
Pedophilia
Zoophilia
Necrophilia
Abnormalities of the sexual act
Exhibitionism
Voyeurism
Sexual sadism
Sexual masochism
Homosexuality.
PERSONALITY DISORDER
Personality disorders are characterized by an enduring pattern of maladaptive
thoughts, feelings, and behaviors that can cause serious determents to relationship
and other life areas.
• Antisocial personality disorder
• Avoidant personality disorder
• Borderline personality disorder
• Dependent personality disorder
• Histrionic personality disorder
• Narcissistic personality disorder
• Obsessive-compulsive personality disorder
• Paranoid personality disorder
• Schizoid personality disorder
• Schizotypal personality disorder.
NEURODEVELOPMENTAL DISORDER
(NEUROCOGNITIVE DISORDER)
Neurodevelopment disorder refers to disorders that first occur in
childhood.
Often such disorders can appear even before a child enters
school and impact the child’s functioning in several areas
Social
Personal
Academic,
ADD – attention deficit disorder
ADHD - Attention deficit hyperactive disorder
Autism spectrum disorder
Language disorder
Intellectual disability speech sound disability
Delirium – known as an acute confusional state that develops over a short period of
time ( few hours or few days). Characterized by disturbances in attention and
awareness.
Major and mild neurocognitive disorders - Primary feature of acquired cognitive
the decline in one or more areas, including memory, attention, language, learning and
perception.
Dyslexia –
Dysgraphia
Dysphasia
Dyscalculia
Dyspraxia ( Sensory integration disorder)
Auditory processing disorder
Visual processing disorder.
PSYCHOTIC DISORDER
Psychotic disorders are a group of serious
illnesses that affect the mind. They make it
hand for someone to think clearly, make
good judgments, respond emotionally,
communicate effectively, understand
the reality, and behave appropriately.
When symptoms are severe, people with
psychotic disorder have trouble staying in
touch with reality and often are unable to
handle daily life.
But even severe psychotic disorders can
be treated.
Schizophrenia
Delusional disorder
Paraphernalia (Hallucination)
Dementia
Symptoms
Disorganized or incoherent speech
Confused thinking
Mood swings
Strange, possible dangerous behavior
Loss of interest in personal hygiene
Loss of interest in activities
Problem s at school/ work
Difficulty concentrating
Sleeping too much / not enough
Anxiety
Suspiciousness
Withdrawal family members/ friends
Delusion
Hallucination
Suicidal thoughts/actions.
DISSOCIATIVE DISORDER
( MULTIPLE PERSONALITY DISORDER
DID – DISSOCIATIVE IDENTITY DISORDER)
Dissociative disorder
( Multiple personality disorder
DID – Dissociative identity disorder)
It is a mental disorder – a breakdown in-memory process.
This is often trouble remembering certain events, durations – long term
Causes – Childhood trauma – child abuse
Parent sibling treat violently
Dissociative amnesia
Dissociative identity disorder
Depersonalization - derealization disorder
Symptoms
Memory loss
A sense of being detached from yourself and your emotion
Mental health problem.
FRACTIOUS DISORDER
It is a serious mental disorder in which someone deceives
other by appearing sick, by purposely getting sick, or by self
injury
F/D also can happen when a family member or care given
falsely present others, such as children as being ill injured
or impaired.
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