Solid-state batteries have attracted a lot of attention and are expected to lead the next wave of lithium battery development. The small pouch battery is undoubtedly the most suitable future development direction of battery technology.
Advantages of solid-state batteries:
According to the report, there is currently 3,033 new energy vehicle defect reporting clues, reflecting that "power battery overheating and fire" and "electronic control system failure" still account for a large proportion and are the primary safety hazards of new energy vehicles.
The main cause of lithium battery fire is the electrolyte. Electrolytes are very sensitive to temperature. It is easy to decompose at high temperatures, highly corrosive, flammable, and easy to leak. Lithium evolution reactions in particular are prone to short circuits.
In contrast, the most prominent advantage of solid-state batteries is safety. It uses an almost non-flammable solid electrolyte as the conductive medium, which reduces the sensitivity of the battery pack to temperature, and effectively blocks the positive and negative electrodes with good insulation.
Besides the natural advantages in terms of safety, another major aspect of solid-state batteries is performance.
New energy vehicles have been developing towards the road of high battery life. In order to achieve this goal, lithium batteries with higher energy density are required. Under the inherent bottleneck of liquid lithium battery technology, it is difficult to achieve future energy density goals. From the perspective of the development path of high energy density technology for lithium batteries in the future, solid-state batteries are undoubtedly more suitable for large-scale applications.
The use of solid electrolytes can change the existing positive and negative electrode systems, using materials with higher specific capacity as the positive and negative electrodes. By using lithium metal in the negative electrode and high-potential materials in the positive electrode, the electrochemical window can reach more than 5V. The specific capacity of lithium is as high as 3860 mA h/g, more than 10 times that of graphite, and 17.5 times that of ternary high-nickel cathodes.
There are three types of solid-state battery electrolytes currently in use, or close to commercial use, namely polymers, sulfides, and oxides. Recently, the University of Science and Technology of China synthesized a new solid-state electrolyte – lithium zirconium chloride, whose cost was reduced by 94%.
Safety, performance, and cost are the three core elements of lithium battery promotion. In these three aspects, solid-state batteries have shown great advantages. There is no doubt that the mainstream technology route of lithium batteries in the future belongs to solid-state batteries.
At present, solid-state battery technology is still in a blue ocean. Electrolytes, positive electrodes, and other materials have not yet appeared as subversive alternative products, nor have they formed an industrial foundation. This is the perfect time for the first mover to gain an advantage.
However, how identifying solid-state battery companies with development prospects and potential is a difficult problem for investors.
Small soft pack battery:
There are three types of traditional lithium battery and solid-state battery packaging: soft packaging, square and cylindrical. The small pouch cells produced by the lamination process have a very low probability of internal deformation, bending, or breaking.
In addition, the aluminum-plastic film casing of the pouch battery is not hard. Once the battery is heated out of control, the heat will generally break through the aluminum-plastic film packaging first, taking away a lot of heat and preventing the battery from exploding.
Under the same capacity, the lighter aluminum-plastic film case makes the whole battery 40% lighter than the steel case lithium battery and 20% lighter than the aluminum case lithium battery. Therefore, the energy density of the small pouch battery will be 40% higher than that of the steel case ternary lithium battery.
Soft-pack batteries have won the favor of downstream car manufacturers. Automakers such as Volkswagen and Mercedes-Benz have used soft-pack batteries to configure a variety of mainstream models. After years of hard work, the soft pack battery enterprises represented by Funeng Technology have reached the international advanced level in product quality and successfully entered the supply system of Daimler A.
In 2021, Funeng Technology will rank among the top ten power battery manufacturers in China. In terms of the installed capacity of soft-pack batteries and ternary soft-pack batteries in China, Funeng Technology has continuously maintained its first position.
Summarize:
In the advancement of solid-state battery technology, both the government and enterprises have spared no effort.
Automobile groups including BMW, Mercedes-Benz, and Volkswagen all regard solid-state lithium batteries as the technical direction of their next-generation electric vehicle batteries. At the government level, EU countries jointly invested 3.2 billion euros and raised 5 billion euros from private investors for the development of solid-state batteries.
The United States, Japan, and South Korea have also announced support policies and subsidies for the development of solid-state lithium batteries.
China has put forward the requirement to strengthen the research and development and industrialization of solid-state batteries. The first batch of 50 Dongfeng-Ganfeng high-energy solid-state battery vehicles jointly developed by Dongfeng Motor and Ganfeng Lithium was delivered to Xinyu City, Jiangxi Province. In this case, the certainty of the future of solid-state batteries is beyond doubt, and it has even begun to accelerate.
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