gyroscope is a sensor that measures the rate of rotation of an object. The workings of gyroscopes can be mysterious to many engineers.
With that in mind, as well as being inspired by an article from Analog Devices, this article attempts to give a more detailed explanation of the theory behind the MEMS vibratory gyroscopes. Since a thorough analysis can be math-intensive, we’ll try to consider a special orientation of the sensor to simplify the discussion as much as possible.
Position of a Rotating Object Using a Polar Coordinate System
The position of a rotating object can be more easily described using a polar coordinate system. Assume that, as shown below in Figure 1, the object is always in the XY plane.
In his latest TC+ post, Michael Perez, director of growth and data at VC firm M13, shares five questions he uses to devise pricing strategy frameworks, along with three value metrics and a detailed measurement plan for GTM strategy.
“Pricing models that scale proportionally with value tend to capture more value as revenue and contribution margin,” he writes. “Contribution margin can then be reinvested in sales and marketing or operations to create more value.”
Until you’ve conducted extensive research on your users and competitors, there’s no way to know whether your services are priced improperly. Usage habits are only one signal of a customer’s willingness to pay, so Martinez shares multiple strategies and target metrics for building scalable models.
Dive deeper into the Internet of Things (IoT) communication through a brief overview of the different IoT data protocols.
In the article before this one, we reviewed the main aspects of network protocols in the IoT, as well as the main communication protocols being used until now. In this article, we'll switch gears and talk about the data communication protocols. These data communication protocols are those that work in the low levels of the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model, without the need for an Internet connection.
All About Circuits
TECHNICAL ARTICLE
IoT Communication Protocols—IoT Data Protocols
June 16, 2022 by Ignacio de Mendizábal
Dive deeper into the Internet of Things (IoT) communication through a brief overview of the different IoT data protocols.
In the article before this one, we reviewed the main aspects of network protocols in the IoT, as well as the main communication protocols being used until now. In this article, we'll switch gears and talk about the data communication protocols. These data communication protocols are those that work in the low levels of the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model, without the need for an Internet connection.
IoT Data Communication Protocols
Below you'll find a brief breakdown of the some of the different IoT data protocols, namely:
Message Queue Telemetry Transport (MQTT)
HyperText Transfer Protocol (HTTP)
Constrained Application Protocol (CoAP)
Data Distribution Service (DDS)
WebSocket
Advanced Message Queue Protocol (AMQP)
Extensible Messaging and Presence Protocol (XMPP)
OPC Unified Architecture (OPC UA)
Message Queue Telemetry Transport (MQTT)
Designed to be lightweight, so it can work in very low bandwidth networks, MQTT allows communication between nodes in both reliable and unreliable networks. MQTT follows a publish/subscribe architecture, meaning that there are nodes (brokers) that make the information available, while others (clients) can read the available information after subscribing by accessing the corresponding URL.
A use case of MQTT is in a smart factory where there are temperature sensors installed along with the production plant. The installed sensors will connect to the MQTT broker and will publish the data within sensor topics, as follows:
sensors/temperature/assemblyLineInit
Afterward, the MQTT clients, which can be of several types and quantities, will subscribe to the same topic in order to read the temperature data. An example of an MQTT architecture can be seen in Figure 1.
You must be logged in to post a comment.