The mention of artificial intelligence brings to mind a super computer, a computer with immense processing capabilities, including adaptive behavior, such as inclusion of sensors, and other capabilities, that enable it to have human-like cognition and functional abilities, and indeed, which improve the supercomputer's interaction with human beings.
Indeed, different motion pictures have been made to showcase the abilities of AI, such as in smart buildings, such as the ability to manage air quality in a building, temperatures, and or playing music depending on the sensed mood of the occupants of the space.
Within the education sector, there has been increased application of artificial intelligence, going over and above the conventional understanding of AI as a supercomputer to include embedded computer systems.
For example, embedded into robots, AI, or computers and supporting equipment enable the creation of robots that improve the learning experience of the student, from the most basic unit of education, early childhood education.
Indeed, Times posited that robots or the application of robots, working together with teachers or colleague robots are being applied to teach children routine tasks, including spelling and pronunciation and adjusting to the students’ abilities.
Similarly, the web-based and online education, as enumerated in different studies, has transitioned from simply availing materials online or on the web for students to simply download, study, and do assignments to just pass, to include intelligent and adaptive web-based systems that learn instructor and learner behavior to adjust accordingly, to enrich the educational experience. Artificial intelligence in education, according to Cassiano et al. has been incorporated into administration, instruction or teaching, and learning.
These areas, which Cassiano et al. identify as the framework for analyzing and understanding artificial intelligence in education, will form the scope of this study.
NATURE OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE:
Artificial intelligence (AI) is conventionally heavily associated with computers. However, it is evident, from a review of the various articles, particularly within the context of the education sector, that while computers may have formed the basis of the development of artificial intelligence, there is a gravitation away from the computer alone, the hardware and software, or the equipment, as being artificial intelligence.
Embedded computers, sensors, and other emerging technologies have facilitated the transfer of artificial intelligence to machines and other items, such as buildings and robots.
Indeed, Cassiano et al. provides a two-faceted definition and description of AI. They define AI as a field and a theory. As a field of study, they define AI as a study area in computer science whose pursuits are aimed at solving different cognitive problems commonly associated with the human intelligence, such as learning, problem-solving, and pattern recognition, and subsequently adapting.
As a theory, Cassiano et al. defined AI as a theoretical framework guiding the development and use of computer systems with the capabilities of human beings, more particularly, intelligence and the ability to perform tasks that require human intelligence, including visual perception, speech recognition, decision-making, and translation between languages.
TECHNICAL ASPECTS OF AI IN EDUCATION:
AI-aided education includes intelligent education, innovative virtual learning, and data analysis and prediction. AI-enable education is playing a more important role as learning requirements promotes.
Intelligent education systems provide timely and personalized instruction and feedback for both instructors and learners. They are designed to improve learning value and efficiency by multiple computing technologies, especially machine learning related technologies, which are closely related to statistics model and cognitive learning theory.
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