High sodium intake is linked to 1-65 million annual deaths related to cardiovascular disease, according to new research from Tufts University's Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy.
In a new analysis of populations in 187 countries, researchers discovered that sodium consumption above the World Health Organization's recommendation of 2 grams (2,000 milligrams) per day is responsible for more than 1-6 million cardiovascular-related deaths annually.
According to D-A R-I U S H Mozaffarian, M D, first author and corresponding author, "High sodium intake is known to increase blood pressure, which is a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases such as heart disease and stroke". PH, who led the research while working at the Harvard School of Public Health and is the dean of the Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy at Tufts University. However, no well-established global effects of excessive sodium intake on cardiovascular diseases by age, country.
In order to calculate sodium intakes worldwide by country, age, the researchers gathered and analyzed existing data from 205 surveys of sodium intake in countries that represent nearly three-quarters of the world's adult population in addition to other global nutrition data. Impacts of sodium on circulatory strain and of pulse on cardiovascular illnesses were resolved independently in new pooled meta-examinations, including contrasts by age and race.
To estimate the number of cardiovascular deaths caused by sodium consumption above 2 grams per day, these findings were combined with current global rates of cardiovascular diseases.
Global sodium consumption in 2010 was nearly double the World Health Organization's recommendation of 2 g, according to the researchers. All areas of the world were above suggested levels, with local midpoints going from 2-18g each day in sub-Saharan Africa to 5-51g each day in Focal Asia.
In their meta-analysis of controlled intervention studies, the researchers found that cutting back on sodium reduced blood pressure in all adults. Older people, African Americans, and people who had high blood pressure before were most affected
The average amount of sodium consumed per day in the United States was 3 grams, which is 80% more than the amount that the World Health Organization recommends. The Dietary Guidelines for Americans issued by the federal government advise consuming no more than 2,300 milligrams (2 grams) of sodium each day.
According to the findings of the researchers, a daily sodium intake of more than 2 grams could be responsible for nearly 58,000 cardiovascular deaths that occur annually in the United States. In many developing nations, sodium consumption was even higher, resulting in higher health risks.
John P O W L-E S, M B, B S, last author and honorary senior visiting fellow in the department of public health and primary care at the University of Cambridge, added, "We found that four out of five deaths worldwide attributable to higher than recommended sodium intakes occurred in middle- and low-income countries." Programs to cut down on sodium intake may be able to help adults around the world live longer and live healthier lives at a lower cost.
The authors acknowledge that their estimates, which are based on samples of urine, may underestimate actual sodium intake. Additionally, sodium consumption estimates were based on other nutritional data, but some nations lacked it.
Additionally, the study's focus on cardiovascular deaths may not accurately reflect the full health impact of sodium consumption, which is linked to an increased risk of nonfatal cardiovascular diseases, kidney disease, and stomach cancer—the second-leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide
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