WHO TO WORK BIOPHARMACEUTICAL TECHNOLOGY?

BIOPHARMACEUTICAL TECHNOLOGY

Recent advancements in controlled drug delivery system

Microsponges :

Biologically porous inert particles.
Made of synthetic polymers.
Stores a volume of an active agent up to their own weight.
Protects the drug from the environment.
It provides a controlled release. Market products like Retin-A micro for acne vulgaris and Carac containing fluorouracil for actinic keratosis treatments are available.

Nanotechnology:

The term nanomedicine emerged, the use of nanotechnology for drug delivery rapidly produced commercially available products.

It is the application of nanometer-scale materials in an innovative way to develop new approaches and therapies.
This technology has been adopted in several fields such as drug/gene delivery, imaging, and diagnostics.
The idea behind this technology is to target potent drugs to the specific site by using the specificity of monoclonal antibodies thus avoiding non-targeted organ toxicity.
On the other hand, new strategies have been developed to use antibodies attached to nanoparticles and liposomes.

Virus:

Viruses are said to be a potential vehicle for drug and gene therapies.
They have a natural ability to infect specific cells.
Transports the genomic material to the nucleus.
Recombinant virus improves transfection efficiency while evading degradation by lysosomes, thereby enhancing drug delivery.
Lentivirus can deliver the gene into nondividing cells as well as adenovirus.
Applied in cytotoxic gene therapy.
In contrast to these, nonviral vectors such as liposomes and nanoparticles have rapidly increased due to their low immune response and ease of synthesis.

Microemulsions and Nanoemulsions:

Both Micro-emulsions and Nano-emulsions are isotropic mixtures of oil/ water stabilized by surfactants frequently in combination with co-surfactants.
They have high solubilization and dissolution properties, thermodynamic stability.
Stabilizers prevent particle agglomeration and drug leakage.
They have improved permeation enhancement ideal for transdermal delivery.
Micro-emulsions can work by enhanced disruption of skin-lipid structure.
On the other hand, it can work by improving the stability of the drug in the formulation.

Cyclodextrins:

β-Cyclodextrin is ideal for drug delivery.
It plays a major role due to the cavity size, efficiency drug complexation, and loading, availability and relatively low cost.

Prevents drug degradation.

Improves drug stability and solubility resulting in a higher bioavailability.
The complexes contact with the surface to promote dissociation and drug permeation across the membrane for absorption in the GI tract.
They can work as permeation enhancers to improve their absorption across the skin.

Metal nanoparticles and Quantum dots:

Inorganic nanoparticles have emerged a few years ago as drug delivery and gene delivery systems, imaging agents and diagnostic biosensors.
Magnetic drug targeting (using iron) is characterized by conjugating a magnetic material under the external magnetic field, which can accumulate in target tissue areas under the action of the external magnetic field.
Quantum dots are colloidal cores surrounded by one or more surface coatings that reduce the leaching of metals from the core.
These nanoparticles are of extreme importance for diagnosis.
Likewise, titanium dioxide and zinc oxide demonstrate the potential of nanoparticles to improve therapeutic/prevention performance being particularly useful as sunscreen agents.
Finally, gold nanoparticles have shown a selective transportation of drugs to cancer cell nucleus especially when incorporated with conjugated arginine-glycine-aspartic acid peptide (RGD) and PEG.
When reaching the tumor cells, they can induce hyperthermia using non-invasive radiofrequency.

pharmaceutical, substance used in the diagnosis, treatment, or prevention of disease and for restoring, correcting, or modifying organic functions. ... In the preparation of dosages, many pharmaceuticals are ground to varying degrees of fineness