Cleopatra VII Philopator (Greek: ΚλεοπάτραΦιλοπάτωρ, "her father's beloved Cleopatra"; 69 BC - August 10, 30 BC) was her 30 years from 51 BC. She was the Queen of the Ptolemaic Kingdom of BC Egypt and its last active ruler. A member of the Ptolemaic dynasty, she was a descendant of Ptolemy I Sawter, a Greek general in Macedonia and a companion of Alexander the Great. After Cleopatra's death, Egypt became a province of the Roman Empire, marking the end of the last Hellenistic state in the Mediterranean and an era that began with Alexander's reign (336-323 BC). Her native language was the Greek Koine, and she was the only Ptolemaic ruler to learn Egyptian.
In 58 BC Cleopatra probably accompanied her father, Ptolemy, her XII. Auretes allowed her rival daughter Berenice IV to claim her throne while in exile in Rome after a rebellion in Egypt (a Roman client state). Berenice was born in 55 BC. He was killed when Ptolemy was returning to Egypt with the support of the Roman army. when he was 51 BC. Joint rule between Cleopatra and her brother Ptolemy XIII began, but disputes between them sparked a civil war. After he became 48 BC. After losing the Battle of Pharsalus in Greece to his rival Julius Caesar (Roman dictator and consul) in Caesar's Civil War, the Roman statesman Pompey fled to Egypt. Pompey was a political ally of Ptolemy XII, but Ptolemy XIII ambushed and killed Pompey at the court, at the urging of a eunuch, before Caesar arrived and took Alexandria. Caesar then attempted to reconcile the rival Ptolemy brothers, but Ptolemy's chief adviser, Potinas, saw that Caesar's terms were favorable to Cleopatra, so his forces besieged her and Caesar in the palace. did. Shortly after the siege was lifted by reinforcements, Ptolemy XIII died. Battle of the Nile in 47 BC. Cleopatra's half-sister, Arsinoe IV, was eventually exiled to Ephesus for her role in the siege. Caesar declared Cleopatra and her brother Ptolemy co-rulers in her XIV, but maintained a private relationship with Cleopatra, who produced her son Caesarion. Cleopatra traveled in 46 BC and her 44. She went to Rome as a client queen and lived in Caesar's villa. After Caesar and (by their orders) Ptolemy XIV were assassinated in 44 BC. BC they appointed Caesarion co-ruler to Ptolemy XV.
Civil War of the Liberators, 43-42 BC. In 300 BC, Cleopatra supported her second Roman triumvirate, formed by Caesar's great nephew and heir Octavian, Mark Antony, and Marx Aemilius Lepidus. did. After meeting at Tarsus in 41 BC. The queen had an affair with Antonius. At her request, he carried out the execution of Arsinoe and became increasingly dependent on Cleopatra for both funds and military aid during his invasion of the Parthian Empire and the Kingdom of Armenia. under the trinity of authority, his children Alexander Helios, Cleopatra Selene II, and Ptolemy Philadelphus proclaimed dominion over various former territories. This event, her marriage, and Antony's divorce from Octavian's sister, Octavian Minor, led to the final war of the Roman Republic. Octavian engaged in propaganda wars and forced Antony's allies in the Roman Senate in 32 BC. He fled Rome and declared war on Cleopatra. After the fleets of Antony and Cleopatra at the Battle of Actium in 31 BC. Octavian's army fell in 30 BC. Invaded Egypt and defeated Antony, who committed suicide. When Cleopatra learned that Octavian wanted to lead her to victory over Rome, she poured her poison, contrary to her popular belief that she was bitten by a poisonous snake. committed suicide.
Her Cleopatra legacy lives on in ancient and modern works of art. Roman historiography
You must be logged in to post a comment.