Niels Bohr, full of Niels Henrik David Bohr, (born October 7, 1885, Copenhagen, Denmark - died November 18, 1962, Copenhagen), a widely regarded Danish physicist as one of the leading physicists of the 20th century. He was the first to apply the quantum concept, which limits system power to certain different values, in the problem of atomic structure and molecule. For that work he received the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1922. His many roles in the origins and development of quantum physics may have been his most important contribution, but through his long career his involvement became much broader, both internally and externally. physics.
Neils Bohr
Neils Bohr
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Born: October 7, 1885 in Copenhagen Denmark
Died: November 18, 1962 (aged 77) in Copenhagen Denmark
Awards and Honors: Copley Medal (1938) Nobel Prize (1922)
Notable Family Members: son Aage N. Bohr brother Harald August Bohr
Study Topics: Atomic system compliant with liquid-drop model quantum correspondence
early life
Bohr was the second of three children born to a middle-class family in Copenhagen. Her mother, Ellen (née Adler), was the daughter of a prominent Jewish banker. His father, Christian, became a professor of physiology at the University of Copenhagen and was twice nominated for the Nobel Prize.
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Enrolling at the University of Copenhagen in 1903, Bohr had no doubt that he would study physics. Research and teaching in the field takes place in overcrowded areas of the Polytechnic Institute, which is leased to the University for this purpose. Bohr received his doctorate in 1911 with a dissertation on electron theory of metals.
On August 1, 1912, Bohr married Margrethe Nørlund, and the marriage was especially happy. Throughout her life, Margrethe was her most trusted mentor. They had six sons, the fourth of whom, Aage N. Bohr, participated in the third installment of the 1975 Nobel Prize in Physics in honor of the integrated model of the atomic nucleus proposed in the early 1950's.
Bohr atomic model
Bohr's first contribution to the emerging concept of quantum physics began in 1912 in what will today be called post-doctoral research in England by Ernest Rutherford at the University of Manchester. Just the year before, Rutherford and his associates discovered that the atom contains a well-charged nucleus with light-emitting electrons orbiting long distances. According to classical physics, such a system would not be stable, and Bohr felt compelled to write, in a large trilogy of articles published in The Philosophical Magazine in 1913, that electrons could only enter certain channels determined by the quantity of action and radiation. electromagnetic. from an atom occurs only when the electron jumps in the low energy path. Although rigid and unacceptable to most physicists at the time, the Bohr atomic model was able to account for the growing number of experimental data, most notably starting with a series of hydrogen spectral line.
Bohr atomic model
Bohr atomic model
In the Bohr atomic model, electrons travel in a circular pattern defined around the nucleus. Orbits are marked with a whole number, quantum n. Electrons can jump from one orbit to another by releasing or absorbing energy. The installer displays an electron that jumps from orbit n = 3 to orbit n = 2, emitting a red light photon at 1.89 eV.
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Bohr's Institute for Theoretical Physics
In the spring of 1916, Bohr was offered a new professor at the University of Copenhagen; dedicated to theory physics, it was the second professor of physics there. Since physics was still under way in the dense Polytechnic Institute, it is not surprising that already in the spring of 1917 Bohr wrote a long letter to his institution requesting the establishment of the Institute for Theoretical Physics. In a speech at the opening of his new institution on March 3, 1921, he emphasized, for the first time, that exploration and experimentation were essential in the theoretical physics center for examining theorists' statements. Second, he expressed his desire to make this new institution a place where a new generation of physicists could come up with new ideas. Starting with a small staff, the Bohr institute soon achieved those goals at a very high level.
Nobel Prize
Already in his 1913 trilogy, Bohr wanted to apply his theory to understanding the periodic table of things. He progressed in that aspect of his work in the early 1920's, by which time he had developed a detailed timeline system by adding electrons in sequence to one atom in accordance with his atomic model. When Bohr was awarded the Nobel Prize for his work in 1922, Hungarian chemist Georg Hevesy, along with Dutch physicist Dirk Coster, worked at Bohr's facility to find out if the missing 72 atomic element would behave in the same way. Bohr's theory predicted. They graduated in 1923, thus proving Bohr's theory of authenticity and authenticity in applying Bohr's words to the anointing of this institution regarding the important role of exploration. The feature was named hafnium (Latin Copenhagen).
Copenhagen translation of quantum mechanics
Among the physicists working at Bohr's center during World War I, the “Copenhagen Spirit” emerged to represent a very special social environment.
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