Vitamin D is essential for maintaining bone health Reliable source, cell function, and immune function.
Numerous Studies A Reliable Source shows that low levels of vitamin D are associated with an increased risk of fractures, as well as the development of other cancers, cardiovascular diseases, and inflammatory diseases.
Of the two types of vitamin DTrusted Source, vitamin D2, or ergocalciferol, comes naturally from plants and fungi, while D3, or cholecalciferol, is found in animal products.
Unlike vitamin D2, the body can produce vitamin D3 in the skin when exposed to UVB rays from the sun.
Whether vitamin D2 and vitamin D3 have a similar effect on human physiology is still unknown. Although some studies show that long-term support for vitamins D2 and D3 has similar effects on the concentration of vitamin D in the blood, other reliable sources report that D3 supplements lead to higher concentrations than D2 supplements.
Meanwhile, one study A reliable source found that vitamin D3 supplements are associated with a reduction in cancer mortality compared to vitamin D2 supplements. One study found that D2 and D3 supplements have different effects on stress.
Research into how vitamin D2 and D3 supplements affect genetic expression in humans is limited. Investigating the genes found under the support of these genes can improve understanding of how they affect the body. This information may improve further recommendations.
In a recent study, researchers investigated genetic expression following vitamin D supplementation. They used previous research data Reliable Source - study D2-D3 - found that vitamin D3 increased overall vitamin D levels above vitamin D2.
After genetic analysis, the researchers found that vitamin D3 and vitamin D2 affect different races in different ways. They also found that vitamin D3 was linked to immune development in white people, whereas vitamin D2 was lacking.
The research is from Frontiers in Immunology.
D2-D3 study
The D2-D3 study involved 335 South Asian or European women. Researchers organized these people into three intervention groups for 12 weeks. The groups received 15 micrograms of vitamin D2, vitamin D3, or a placebo each day.
The team selected 97 participants for genetic analysis, including 67 white participants and 30 South Asian participants. The researchers performed the genetic analysis at the beginning and again 12 weeks after the start of the funding.
At the end of the study, the researchers noted that vitamin D3 levels in the vitamin D3 treatment group increased by 59% and 166% among white and South Asian offspring, respectively.
Meanwhile, vitamin D3 levels decreased by 23% and 29% among those in the placebo group and by 52% and 53% in those taking vitamin D2.
From genetic analysis, the researchers found that vitamin D2 and D3 supplementation reduced 13% of the same genes and significantly reduced 28% and 59%, respectively.
They also found that different types of vitamin D supplementation have different effects on different nations.
Although vitamin D3 supplementation promotes type I and type 2 interferon in white people, the opposite was true for those from South Asia. Type 1 interferon is important for antiviral immune response, and type 2 interferon is responsible for flexible immunity and inflammation control.
In contrast, vitamin D3 supplementation led to an increase in heme iron metabolism in those from South Asia, while a different effect occurred in white participants.
However, the researchers found that in white and South Asian people, vitamin D2 lowered interferon levels 1 and 2.
Different molecules
Drs. Michael Snyder, Ph.D., chair of the Department of Genetics at Stanford University, who was not involved in the study, told Medical News Today:
“Although they are similar, they are different molecules, and they can bind targets that are slightly different or identical by acting differently. They are also digested separately. ”
Researchers have noted that significant differences in outcomes among nations may be due in part to a smaller sample size and lower vitamin D levels in those from South Asia.
However, they say their results highlight the emerging evidence that nationality, skin tone, vitamin D status, and risk of obtaining a Reliable Source such as SARS-CoV-2 may contribute to side effects.
The researchers concluded that vitamins D2 and D3 may have different physiological effects and that these may be racially different.
They also noted some limitations in their research. Drs. Colin Smith, lead author of the study, told MNT that a larger sample of about 2,400 2,400 was needed to confirm the findings and that it should be included for people of different nationalities. He added that future studies should also consider changes in the composition of blood cells.
Taking supplements
When we asked him how these effects could affect the way people take supplements, Drs. He also pointed out that different supplements will affect people in different ways.
Drs. Smith said: “We think the health policy needs to change. The food industry should only add vitamin D3 to its products, avoiding vitamin D2. Health policy should specify the type of vitamin D that should be used in supplements and solid foods: vitamin D3.
He added that vegans, vegetarians, and other religious groups may use vitamin D2 supplements because D3 supplements commonly found in animal products should switch to using vegan-friendly sources of vitamin D3.
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