STRAWBERRY :
Strawberry is native to North America. The botanical name of strawberry is Fragaria ananassa belonging to the family of Rosaceae. Fragaria ananassa is the hybridization of Fragaria chiloensis and Fragaria Virginians of North American species. Strawberry is a perennial herb, mostly a short-day plant, and the flowers are polygamous - dioecious, and rarely bisexual.
Tioga is the only variety are long-day plants. Strawberry is one of the most important soft fruits. It requires 8 hrs dark period for the development of flowers, buds, and fruits. The fruit is developed from the receptacle, not from ovaries. Fruits are rich in vitamins and minerals. The flavor of the fruits is due to the presence of volatile ethers. Strawberry fruits are used large scale in the ice cream making and canning processes in the industry.
PROPAGATION:
Strawberry is mainly propagated by Runners and Tissue culture. Mostly propagated by the Runners are produce from the stolen mother plants. Propagation by runners transfers the plants' character, but the viral disease also spread from the mother plant. So viral-tested clonal materials are planted at the spacing of 1.2 ×1.2 to 1.8×1.8 m distance inland.
For more production of runners, the inflorescence must be removed by hand that prevents the fruiting of plants.
In the proper management of the plant, it can produce upto 15 runners per plant.
Applying the Gibberlic acid or IBA solution at 50 -100 ppm increases the runner production.
For large-scale production of runner 6 plants are planted at 120×120 cm in a block and leaving blocks adjacent between two adjacent blocks.
The development of runner and stolen are allowed to spread over the block but restrained from spreading. Generally, 300 -500 runners are obtained from the blocks.
In Indian commercial planting, materials are raised in the hills and commercially grown for fruits in plains.
METHOD OF TRAINING :
1.MATTER ROW :
The matter row method is the simplest and least expensive compare to other rows. The runners are usually planted at 90×45 cm spacing. After the initial growth of runners in the first year, runners are allowed to cover the vacant space and give a mat's appearance. In this system, more plants can be accommodated per unit area but prevent overcrowding that will affect the fruits.
SPACED METHOD:
For the moderate to weak runners cultivars spacing system is suitable. The daughter plants are spaced at a definite distance and cover the selected tips of runners with soil, which become plants. This is done till the desired number of daughter plants are obtained from each mother plant and then removed the runners.
HILL ROW :
This system is suitable for producing a few runners cultivars. Once desired plants are selected, other runners are removed. The individual plants become large and bear more than matter row. The plants are planted at 25×30 cm spacing.
PLASTIC FILM :
In a hill system, the green or black plastic film are used as mulch to control weeds and conserve the moisture in the soil
This film also prevents the damaging of berries and is kept clean. These plants are bloom earlier.
Hope you guys get some facts and data about the method of propagation and training of strawberry which are widely followed all over the parts.
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