There is a great deal of interest right now about the record-speed vaccines for COVID-19, some of which are already beginning to be distributed in some parts of the world. But considering that, these mRNA vaccines are a new technology that has never been widely used before. We wanted to explain how they work and what happens to your body from the moment the needle touches your skin. - As vaccines, we often see these vaccines will be injected into the upper part of your arm but unlike the usual vaccines. Introducing inactive or weakened viruses, these will produce genes called messenger RNA. So, what does this mRNA really do? In the normal cell of your body, you have the DNA within the nucleus, and this DNA stores all the information and instructions that are essential for the functioning of your body's cells and ultimately makes it work. Inside your cell are machines that read your DNA and turn it into mRNA and then leave the nucleus to enter your cytoplasm. And it is here that ribosomes, and you learn RNA, and it depends on a certain code to form a series of amino acids that bind to make proteins that keep you alive and active. This process is known as translation. In fact, this is the process by which germs take advantage of it in the first place. They impose their genetic information on you, and your cell phone unknowingly starts to take that information and build up proteins to help create more viruses. - So back to the needle, the mRNA injected from you from the vaccine also contains genetic instructions but, in this case, it encodes one small part of the virus instead of everything. You have probably seen SARS CoV2 represented by spikes in it. And it is this spike protein itself that is harmless that mRNA vaccines include codes. mRNA makes its way into the cytoplasm of your cells, where ribosomes learn information and begin to make spiked proteins. Once the protein is ready, it goes to the cell membrane and your cell breaks down and destroys the instructions for the injected mRNA. - So what good is a small piece of viral spike in your body? Well, it gives your body and most importantly, your immune system, a preview of what the virus looks like without causing infections. Suddenly your immune system will see you and walk away, this is not the cause of the body's reaction to seeing and preparing your body for something without actually touching it. With the actual virus itself. Your immune system starts by creating a strong immune system that can weaken and kill the real virus. And this antibody memory is stored in your B cells so that in the future if you become infected with the SARS Cove 2 virus, your body will now be stronger. This is known as autoimmune reactions. Your body has already seen these spike proteins before, so you already know what to do. In fact, these mRNA vaccines allow your body to protect itself from future infections without compromising the effects of getting COVID-19. - So why has the mRNA vaccine never been used before? Although they are relatively new researchers, they have been trying for decades but in the past, they were not very stable. The enzymes in your body can break down mRNA quickly and therefore need to be packed properly. These extracts now contain mRNA embedded in lipid nanoparticles that basically protect the mRNA from being destroyed. As it is more stable than other types of vaccines, it should be kept cold. For example, Pfizer vaccine should be kept at minus 70 degrees Celsius and at normal temperatures it can last only five days. However, the global epidemic has increased funding and resources for these types of vaccines that have helped accelerate their growth. - What makes these vaccines so attractive is that unlike other vaccines, they can be made into a laboratory with readily available ingredients and are actually made much faster than other types of vaccines. Instead of fully developing the infectious agents and injecting them, these mRNA vaccines can solve many of the barriers by using your body in a clever way. It is also very expensive to build mRNA molecules instead of the protein itself, and it is very dangerous and useful when we are in a global epidemic waiting for a vaccine. - So, is it safe? And when it comes to new technology, do you have to worry about it? Well, that was the first phase of the experiment. Not just to check if they work or not and cause infections, but to make sure they have minimal side effects. Currently, about 70,000 people have been given these vaccines without much concern, caveat that full research has not been published so far as this article is being recorded. But it is important to remember that just because it is safe does not mean that there will be no pain or suffering. Some recipients have reported aches and pains and from now on you will need to get two shots to ensure proper functioning. I saw a very good analogy of professor Shane Grotty who works in vaccine research and said, "It's not like going to the gym and exercising and really sore muscles." A little pain can be a good sign, "that good things happen."
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