INTRODUCTION:-
India is a country with a huge population and the largest democracy. Here people of different religions, languages cultures live together. Co-ordinating culture and secularism are its characteristics. Indian society is changing from traditional to modern society. Many changes have taken place in it. With these changes, many problems have originated, which include social, economic. Political, cultural problems. In this article, we will discuss two challenges: (1) Communalism
(2) Casteism.
Many people of India, belonging to different regions, castes, and languages, have collectively worked for our country's freedom. It is because of their efforts that we have achieved precious freedom. It seems that harmony, unity, tolerance, etc., that existed in the past has withered away after the dependence. Today, we come across some negative factors which hinder peace and progress, such as communal conflicts, caste-based quarrels, regional violence, etc. This is a serious challenge to social goodwill, secularism, democratic values, and national integrity,
Communalism:-
Religion is a matter of faith and reverence. Generally, every person follows one or the other: religion or sect. India is a secular country. Thus, communal behavior is against the spirit of the constitution. When a group of people of a religion or sect opposes other religions or sects because of any reason, communal tension arises. When the people of any religion or sect try to show superiority of their religion compared to other religions and give more importance to religious interest, they look at every citizen not as an individual but from a communal perspective. Such a spirit divides society.
Even after so many years of independence, we have not been able to solve the problems of communalism. Communalism is harmful in different ways. It leads to social tension in the country. People consider their own friends as enemies or rivals, because of which atmosphere of difference and hatred is created. Communal tension leads to communal riots or quarrels. All these things are harmful to democracy, national integrity, and the development of the nation.
● At first, the government should take punitive actions against communal elements to eradicate communalism from society.
• Education can play an important role in the eradication of communalism. In our education and curriculum, positive things have been included. Besides that, prayers of all the religions are organized, social functions are celebrated so that the children develop respect for all the religions.
Political parties based on communal ideas should not be given recognition. Special ethics are there for elections; they must be implemented and followed.
● Radio, T.V., Cinema are the best audio-visual aid to reach common people. Through them. The message of secularism, tolerance should be spread. Such programs should be telecasted, promoting national interest and nationalism. For the nation's progress, religious leaders and political leaders should work together to combat
the problem of communalism. Youth must come forward to remove communalism. At the social and educational level, it should be tried that youth develops secular and scientific attitudes.
Casteism:-
Castes have been existing in the social system of India since their birth. Thus, we may say that India's social structure is based on casteism. The earlier concept of casteism was different from what it is today. To fulfill the basic needs of society, the task-based communities were at the base of work division. According to the early hypothesis, the varna system (Brahman, Kshatriya, Vaisya. Shudra) was based on four occupations. Dwelling arrangement and occupation were based on caste.
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