Transportation, Communication, and Trade
The movement of people and goods from one place to another is called transportation. In general terms, the process of going from one place to another is known as transportation. Transportation has an essential contribution to economic and physical progress. Due to transportation, the
Exchange of goods and people is made possible. Distant places can be linked through transportation. National integration and processes like industrialization and urbanization are made possible due to transportation. Earlier, there was less interaction among people in comparison with today. Now people make use of communication equipment more and more for exchanging messages. Mails, telephones, cell
(mobile) phones and internet services are being used very widely. India has launched satellites for
space research. This has improved the telecommunication services very much.
Trade is the tertiary economic activity. Trade encourages production activity. No country can ever be self-reliant totally. So it has to make exchanges with other countries, e.g., The agro-products of India are sent to middle-eastern countries and we import date-palms and mineral oil from them.
Transportation
Earlier, man used to live a wanderer's life, but after the invention of agriculture, he started living a sedentary life. Earlier, he used to carry his things himself. In due course, he began using animals as beasts of burden in agriculture and animal husbandry. In the modern period, auto vehicles are used more than animals in transportation. The types of transport
rotation is affected by factors i
like location, climate, relief,
human
population
etc.
Moreover, some cultural factors like technical development.
Economic development, market
and capital investments,
political decisions etc. also
affect transportation.
Transportation is carried out.
By roads and railways in the plain
region. In mountainous regions.
animals and man are used
14.1 Man transporting 14.2 Goods transported by elephants in forest area
(Yak in the interim places in goods in mountainous region Himalayas) for transportation of goods. During the ascent to Everest, Bhotia people, better mountaineers also, work as laborers to carry goods. Besides, elephants, mules, and horses are used in mountainous forests. Camel is best for transportation in the desert. You might have seen a woodcutter carrying wood on his head. On railway stations, the coolies are also seen carrying luggage on their heads. A ship or a small boat is used as a transport vehicle near the sea coast or where the river is relatively deep and is perennial.
Roads or Land Transportation Roads have been influential in transportation since ancient times. There was a road network of highways during the rules I Samrat Ashok and Chandragupta Maurya. Roads are complimentary to the railways, sea routes, and air routes. The essential characteristics of roads are the widespread field of their services, the safety of goods, saving time, and cheap and multi-services. The only option to connect interests, man, and the area is roads. The road system of India is the third-largest in the world after the united states of America and China.
Trade
India is a vast country. At some places, there are mountainous regions, coastal plains deserts. The same type of diversity is seen in climate, vegetation, mineral resources, and energy resource. There are different crops in every area and the difference in industrial output. There are two types of trade systems in the country: (1) Internal Trade and (2) International Tra.
(1) Internal Trade: The commodities available in an excessive quantity of one state are transported to another state and vice versa. This is known as Internal Trade. For example, Punjab produces m wheat, so it exports it to other States. But Punjab does not have a sea coast, so it gets its salt from Guja. Thus every state exports its products. Internal trade has developed in India due to this.
(2) International Trade: The system in which different countries export and imp their requirements can be called International Trade. It is necessary to maintain trade balance in international trade; otherwise, there would be a negative trade balance. If a country exports more than it imports trade balance is positive. This increases the reserves of foreign exchange of our country. If the impo exceed the exports, then the trade balance is negative. The currency value of that country which increases its export increases in the international market, and the currency value decreases in the international mark of those countries which increase their imports. After the Liberalisation Policy of 1991, there have b many changes in the international trade of India. In the last few years, the trade balance of India is mo negative. To make this trade balance positive, the government has started "Make in India." I do this; many foreign companies will produce their goods in India and export them to foreign countries. Now we shall study the export-import trade of India.
Import Trade of India
Iron production in India is not sufficient; India imports iron and copper. The demand for mineral oil and lubricants is more for transportation and for keeping the machi
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Social Science, Standard 10
Active, these are imported. We also import machines, pearls, gemstones, and edible oils as per requirements. We import these things from U.S.A., Germany, Russia, Myanmar, Iran, etc. Export Trade of India.
Only a limited portion of the production is allowed to be exported to increase its price within the country. We import raw materials for few things, manufacture some goods fi them and then export them. Indian export includes iron ore and minerals, engineering goods such cycles, fans, sewing machines, cars, railway coaches, computer software, etc.
We also export chemicals, and the things related to them, gemstones, hide, and leather goes cotton textile, fish and its products, handicrafts, tea-coffee, jute, and its products and ready clothes.
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