History of three-dimensional morphology:

The three-dimensional image, obtained as a result of deviation, began to be read relatively recently. However, we can talk about the existence of its study history. Dennis Gabor, inspired British scientist, first identified in 1948, it is three-dimensional morphology. This discovery was very important, but at the time its high value was not yet clear. The most important aspect of the development of three-dimensional morphology - 1950s work, researchers, suffered from a lack of a light source containing coherence. The first laser was made in 1960. This device can get it with enough coherence of light. Juris Upatnieks and Leith immet, American scientists, first use it to create holograms. With their help, it obtained three-dimensional images of objects.

In the years that followed, I continued my studies. He has published hundreds of research papers on the concept of three-dimensional morphology, and has published several books on the subject. However, these works are told to the industry and the general reader. In this article, we will talk about the language to access everything.

What is three-dimensional morphology?

You can provide the following definition: Three-dimensional morphology - obtained by laser capacitive photography. However, there is a wide variety of three-dimensional images that are not entirely satisfactory by this definition. Three-dimensional morphology - a technical method that allows the appearance of an object to "record"; However, it represents the most important  and it can help to get a three-dimensional image like the real thing; Its development using light rays is very important.

Three-dimensional photography and its application:

The study of three-dimensional morphology helps to clarify a number of issues related to conventional photography. Even a fine art three-dimensional image can leave the latter challenging, because it allows you to more accurately and accurately reflect the world.

Scientists have known for some centuries that communication does not reveal the epoch in the history of mankind. You can cite the invention of the 1450s, the ancient hieroglyphics of Egypt, for example in the printing press. In connection with technological advances, telecommunication devices, such as TV and telephone have been observed nowadays, occupied a dominant position. Although the holographic principle is still in its infancy when it comes to its use in the media, there is reason to believe that based on that device can replace the known means of communication in the future, or at least expand the scope of their application.

In science fiction literature and popular media often painted three-dimensional morphology in a false, distorted light. They often create the wrong idea about this method. The three-dimensional image, spectacular, is first seen in it. But no less interesting is the physical explanation of the principle of its advantages.

With interruption format:

The ability to get our eyes to see them, based on whether they are refracted by light waves or reflected from them. Wave Home Light reflected from an object whose waveform is characterized by the shape of the object. Dark and light lines (or lines) create two groups of coherent light waves which do not interfere with the image. This one block creates three-dimensional morphology. In each case the data strips are only in contact with each other and the waveforms are a combination that depends on the shape of the waves. Such a film is called interruption. It's, for example, on a photo plate, you can fix it if you put it somewhere in wave interference. 

Variety of holograms:

The recipe is echoed, and allows the recording object wave home, and you think the observer then he (real) sees the real thing and retrieves it, and is three-dimensional morphology. This effect is due to the fact that the three-dimensional image is obtained to the same extent as the real thing.

There are different types of holograms which are easy to confuse. In order to determine this or that type, four or five adjectives are consumed. From their set, only the basic classes assume that we use modern three-dimensional morphology. However, you should first talk a little, a bit about this wave phenomenon on the fringe. It allows us to design (or rather define) the portal.

Margin:

If an object is in the path of light, he casts a shadow. The light bends around the object, coming partially to the shadow area. This effect is called fringe. He is due to the wave nature of light, but it is definitely very difficult to explain.

Only a very small angle of light penetrates the shadow area, so we almost do not notice it. However, if there is a multiplicity of small obstacles, the distance between which suppresses a few lengths of light wave in its path, this effect becomes more significant.

If the waveform falls on a single large obstacle, it will "fall" to the corresponding part, that does not affect the rest of the waveform. If there are a lot of small obstacles in its path, so the propagation of the light barrier has a characteristic change in wave length, it is shifted by the rim.

The change is so strong that even the light starts to spread in the other direction. It turns out that the margin allows us to change a unique original waveform from it. Thus, the margin-mechanism through which we get the new waveform. The device described above, by evolving, is simply referred to as a fringe. We will tell you more about that.

Margin Grating:

This is a small plate with a thin parallel straight stroke (stripes) deposited on it. They are shown one hundredth or even a millimeter apart in a thousand. What happens when the laser beam on its way meets any phase in which there are many obscure dark and bright bands? Part of it passes directly through the bars, some - curls. Thus the original beam of the exit is grating at a certain angle and two new beams are formed located on either side of it. If there is a laser beam, for example an aircraft waveguide, the two sides of the new beam are formed and they both have planar waveguides. Thus, an edge simply passes through the laser beam and we form two new wavelengths (flat). Obviously, the margin grading can be considered in the simplest example of a hologram.

Hologram Record:

The popularity of the basic principles of three-dimensional morphology should begin with a study of the two bases. Communication, they set up with a screen, a recording which is placed on the spot where the video plate was and an interruption. This stage of the three-dimensional morphological process (first) is called a hologram (or record).

We assume that the plane is one of the waves - A and the second - to denote the wave, ie B, and B - whose image is reflected from the object whose object is static. It can vary the reference wave in any way. However, when creating a hologram the three-dimensional real object of light is formed that is reflected from a significantly more complex waveguide object.

With the interrupt form, a photographic image is provided (i.e., an image of the grading), - this is the hologram. It can be placed primarily on the path of the beam (laser beam with a plane waveform). In this case, 2 new wave interfaces are formed on both sides. The first wave of them is an exact copy of one of the wavelengths of the object propagating in the same direction as the step above is called the reconstructed image.

Holographic process

The two wide-angle interrupters are a device that allows the wavelength to recover at the site or in the case of one of these waves after the synchronous waves have been recorded on the photographic plate. The holographic process thus consists of the following steps: recording and "saving" one of the intended wave interfaces in the form of a subsequent hologram (with interruption form) and repeating its board at any time following the passage by the reference wave hologram:

The object waveform can actually be any. For example, when it is a coherent reference wave, it may be visible from an actual object. This is a device that allows you to change one margin due to the other due to this - with two interfaces formed with coherence, with interference shape. Hence, the hidden key to the three-dimensional phenomenology phenomenon. This property was first discovered by Dennis Gabor.

The observation image is generated by the hologram

In our time, it began to use a special device for reading holograms - holographic projector. It also allows you to convert an image from two to three-dimensional. However, to view a simple hologram, a holographic projector is not required. Briefly described as tackle for such films.

To monitor the formation of the initial hologram image, it is necessary to place it at a distance of 1 meter from the eye. Grating through the rim in which the plane needs to come out of it to see the direction of the waves (back). So the plane is flat with a three-dimensional image, exactly how the waves enter the viewer's eye. It seems to us like a "blank wall" that illuminates light with the same color that is equally related to the laser. Since this "wall" is missing specific symptoms, it is impossible to determine how far it will go. It seems as if you see infinity located on the walls, but you can only see the part, which you can see through a small "window" called the hologram. So, the hologram - equally glowing on the surface which we cannot see anything worthy of attention

(Hologram) Simply margin allows us to observe a few simple effects. They may show the use of holograms and other type. Through the edge grating, the light beam has a split that forms two new beams. Using laser beams can clarify any edge grating. The rays must be of a different color from that used for its recording. The color beam bending angle depends on what color he is. If it is (long wavelength) red, then such a beam is bent at a greater angle than a blue beam with a smaller wavelength.

By whitewashing, all colors combination can be avoided, i.e., white. In this case, each color component of the hologram bends under its own angle. The output spectrum develops similar to the triangle created.

Simply line employment:

Grating's strokes need to be so close to each other that it bends light rays significantly. For example, for a red beam curve of 20 degree Celsius, it is essential that the distance between the grooves does not exceed 0.002 mm. If they are placed too close, a ray of light begins to bend more. So thin parts can be recorded in order to "write" which requires a specific knitting plate. Furthermore, it is essential that the plate was completely immobile during the exposure process and during recording.

The film can be so much clingier to motion, even slightly, that it will be completely indistinguishable. In this case, we see a glass plate on its entire surface, uniformly black or gray with no interference pattern. Of course, in this case, the margin effects created by a margin grating will not play.

Broadcast-like and reflective hologram:

We have simply studied the margin referred to as the payload because it operates in the passing light. If the cause of the lattice line is not on the transparent plate, and on the glass surface, we have obtained a reflective light bearing. Echoes different angles of different colors. Accordingly, two of the holograms are arranged inside wide - reflection and transmission. The first reflected light is applied, and the second - while occurring.