ABOUT CHANDRAYAN-3:
India's third lunar mission, Chandrayaan-3, marks the country's second attempt at a gentle lunar landing. On July 14, 2023, at 2:35 p.m., the mission departed from the Satish Dhawan Space Centre (SDSC) in Sriharikota. With the aim of developing and showcasing new technology necessary for interplanetary missions, it consists of an indigenous Lander module (LM), Propulsion module (PM), and Rover.
MISSION OBJECTIVES:
Chandrayaan-3's mission objectives are to make a safe and soft landing on the surface of the moon. To showcase roving lunar rover technology and carry out in-situ scientific research. Features: The Chandrayaan-3 mission will use the same lander (Vikram) and rover (Pragyan) payloads as the Chandrayaan-2 mission. The lander's research packages are designed to investigate a variety of elements of the lunar environment. As part of these payloads, the moon's quakes, temperature characteristics, changes in the plasma near the surface, and the precise measurement of their separation from Earth are all being studied. A brand-new experiment dubbed Spectro-polarimetry of Habitable Planet Earth (SHAPE) is part of Chandrayaan-3's propulsion module.
LAUNCH AND TIME:
Chandrayaan-3 was successfully launched using the LVM3 M4 rocket.The LVM-3 spacecraft disengaged from the rocket 16 minutes after launch.It started an EPO, or elliptic parking orbit.According to estimates, Chandrayaan-3 will travel for around 42 days, and its lunar dawn touchdown is set for August 23, 2023.As they run on solar power, the lander and rover will have a mission life of one lunar day (about 14 days on Earth).Near the lunar south pole is where Chandrayaan-3 will touch down.
IMPORTANCE OF LANDING NEAR SOUTH POLE:
Due to its favourable terrain and operating circumstances, the equatorial region has historically been the main objective of spacecraft missions to the Moon. In contrast to the equatorial zone, the lunar south pole offers a very diverse and more difficult landscape. In some polar locations, where sunlight is limited, there are zones that are always dark and have temperatures as low as -230 degrees Celsius. Extreme cold and a lack of sunlight make it difficult for instruments to operate.
Reason Chandrayaan 3's Space Mission Will Aim for the Moon's South Pole Chandrayaan 3 will primarily target the Moon's southern pole because it has more shadowed space than the northern pole. These regions of the lunar surface may have a constant supply of water, according to scientists. Additionally, the craters found at the southern pole are of great interest to scientists. They think that the unexplained fossil records of the early planetary system may be present in these cold traps. The Indian Space Research Organisation's (ISRO) several scientific efforts were hampered by the COVID-19 epidemic and numerous lockdown periods. Gaganyaan, India's first manned space mission, and Chandrayaan 3 have both been delayed. However, the spacecraft is currently prepared to visit the Moon.
With its Chandrayaan 1 lunar orbiter, the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) successfully conducted high-resolution lunar remote sensing. Additionally, the spacecraft "Moon Impact Probe" discovered that the Moon has water vapour. The third phase of the Chandrayaan programme, however, was started by ISRO as a result of Chandrayaan 2's crash landing.
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