Innovation and modernity
Literature is a mirror of life. Life goes on and on. Literature also adopts a similar mood because the process of change is continuous. In the process of change, historical conditions, social, societal and individual tendencies and tendencies, collective and collective attitudes lead to these changes.
When the term modern is used in Urdu poetry and literature, it is accompanied by a set of concepts which are difficult to identify separately. Its simple meaning is "new" which is the opposite of "old".
As if "modern" is that which is not "ancient". How to draw a line from which the literature of the past is called "ancient" and the literature of the latter is called "modern". ۔ Journalism is based on news based on history, time, place and event, so its first brick is laid on the "event".
While in literature and poetry the event paves the way to reach the possible truth. Journalism is like photography and literature is painting! In which the writer, with the help of his feelings and vision, creates a work of art that transcends the boundaries of time and place.
Seeing can give rise to many misconceptions. The first question that arises here is what is meant by new and modern? Dr. Mohammad Ashraf Kamal answers this question as follows:
"Innovation is a term used in the sense of freshness and rarity. Innovation is actually called innovation. Innovation in literature can be of two kinds.
(1) Innovation of style of expression
(2) Innovation of subject, subject and meaning "
This makes it clear that the language changes over time. Old words become clichs and are replaced by new words. In addition, the poet has his own individual style. In the same era, the style of two poets is slightly different from each other. For example, NM Rashid and Faiz Ahmed Faiz are representative poets of the same era but their poetry has its own color.
The issues of each era are different from the first era. Inevitably, the color of his poetry becomes different, fresh and new.
It would not be out of place to explain here the fact that modernity is not a final and eternal art. Modern is that which has passed away. Today's modern will be ancient for tomorrow. Life is changing every moment. Stays bright Nurturing this transformation and freshness is modernity. The purpose of art is primarily individuality and individuality is the second name of modernity.
Sometimes the difference between innovation and modernity is not kept in mind, which leads to confusion and confusion of ideas. Innovation has been explained.
To determine the true meaning of "modernity" we can also compare it with the term "tradition". Here, too, we face a dilemma as to why the term "traditional" confuses us. These two terms have different concepts.
(1) Narration:
Every language has a history of literature which includes a collection of universal concepts of the social, cultural, cultural and higher human values of the speakers of that language. It is as if the tradition is a manifesto whose posture (outward signs) changes from time to time but its brain (individual identity) remains the same.
(2) Traditional:
When an imaginary act loses its original spirit and takes the form of a mere ritual, a layer of stagnation freezes over it. The possibility disappears. It is as if the process of sprouting new eyes from the brain (individual identity) of the tradition ends and its poppy (outward signs) also decays.
Modernity does not hang in the air but its roots are attached to the earth. It emerges from the brain of tradition like a new sprout. However, the process of its growth travels imperceptibly into the future and can only be observed in a slightly longer unit of time. Explaining this process, Razi Mujtaba writes:
"Tradition and modernity are like twins to me who can be easily identified by the person who gave birth to them. If you think it is the enemy of then I will accept your point but then I will ask you this question then what is the name of "tradition of modernity"? In fact the word modernity has become so meaningful that it Even using it in a special sense seems a bit unreasonable. Even so, you cannot give a comprehensive definition of tradition, but it is certain that we succeed in finding some traces of tradition. "
Both tradition and modernity have to be examined in the context of history. Also, when talking about the style and imagination of an era, one needs to be more careful.
Modernity is the name of facing all the problems of our age. It has a way of solving all the risks and possibilities. It is fearless and courageous to face any difficulty. Modernity cannot be considered a rebellion against tradition. Tradition after a while, a new cloak emerges in a new style in the colors of life. As life is affected, so does poetry and literature. When tradition changes, the poet's new consciousness takes him on new paths. His words take on a new look. New systems and methods of communication are developed.
In literary terms, the modern is said to be the one who rebels a little against the tradition, and also the process of experience is involved, which in a revolutionary way changes itself to the correct interpretation of the environment and adapts its style to the old tradition of poetry. Keep measuring the lines of the poles.
Despite the above explanation, the whole concept of "modernity" has not come to light as the term encompasses various angles of movements affecting thought, philosophy and fine arts in the nineteenth century. Dr. Iqbal Afaqi is well versed in:
"Modernity in general refers to the cluster of many intellectual and artistic movements that emerged in the middle of the nineteenth century. Charles Marx's theory of the proletarian revolution was in a sense a new chapter in modernity. The curse of capitalism was abolished and society was formed on a scientific basis. In addition, many movements related to modernity in literature and art emerged. Impressionism, Surrealism, Cubism and Imagism were important movements in this regard. "
The effects of the movements mentioned by Dr. Iqbal Afaqi were also accepted by our literature. Especially in the early twentieth century, Urdu writers became part of the progressive movement. Because more than 80% of the human population living in the subcontinent was deprived of basic rights. The subcontinent was occupied by the British and the elite here were privileged due to their loyalty to the British.
This local class, which was part of the Nawabs, feudal lords and bureaucrats attached to the government, was also at the forefront of the exploitation of the people. Writers associated with the progressive movement raised their voices against the exploitation of the people and a completely different and new literature came into being.
But then came a time when the uniformity of subjects began to dominate literature. The external aspect of literature had become too prominent and the writer had lost his inner and individual creative experience. Thus, in the dialectical process of history, the writer focused on blending the external situation with the internal experience.
Old metaphors, symbols are given new meanings under this inner individual creative experience of modernity. New art emerges from a new literary environment. The lights of new regulations and standards are on.
Literature and life take a new journey in a new way with the light of these lamps, then poetry also takes a new form. This is called modern poetry. Before examining the evolution of modern Urdu poetry, especially modern Urdu poetry, it is necessary to determine the meaning of poetry and modern Urdu poetry.
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