The lithium battery industry chain includes: 1. lithium mining → 2. raw material preparation → 3. battery technology development → 4. battery manufacturing → 5. battery charging equipment manufacturing → 6. battery system application → 7. recycling and treatment.
1. Lithium mining: Lithium ore is a rare resource in the three major systems of the Earth. Some common lithium ores include coarse stone, potassium feldspar, and talc, mainly used to produce lithium salts and other raw materials, and effectively extracted through concentrate flotation to obtain high-quality and high-purity lithium salt raw materials.
2. Raw material preparation: Based on the high-quality and high-purity lithium salt raw material obtained in the previous step, further processing is needed to process the raw material into a refined material that can be effectively connected to other battery components and optimize the material structure. The processing technology of raw materials generally includes electrolytic concentration, digestion separation, crystal growth, etc.
3. Battery technology development: Technology is a key link in the research and development of lithium batteries, including the research and development of cell technology, battery cell technology, control technology, etc., as well as the testing and development of environmental performance, reliability, charging capacity, energy-saving, and other aspects.
4. Battery manufacturing: Battery manufacturing is the core process of lithium batteries, mainly including the production of cells, electrodes, cells, and other peripheral components, and also a step that requires a large amount of equipment and technology investment.
5. Battery charging equipment manufacturing: Lithium battery charging equipment refers to all devices that can charge lithium batteries, including generators, charging systems, power supplies, chargers, and other types of equipment. It is a key supporting device for achieving intelligent charging of lithium batteries.
6. Battery system application: Lithium battery application system refers to the combination of multiple sensors or other technologies to grasp the dynamic state of lithium batteries, achieving automatic control, status monitoring, maintenance, and management of lithium batteries. The lithium battery application system reflects the best performance of lithium batteries by adjusting, controlling, and monitoring their status.
7. Recycling: Recycling refers to the effective collection, transportation, and disposal technology of waste lithium batteries. Through recycling, pollution can be effectively reduced, resource waste can be reduced, and the reuse of lithium salt raw materials can be guaranteed.
1、 Various industrial chains in the new energy lithium battery industry
Upstream: positive electrode material, negative electrode material, diaphragm, electrolyte, packaging
Midstream: Battery manufacturers and supporting products
Downstream: Application end manufacturers, major categories: power, energy storage, consumer electronics
2、 Corresponding leading enterprises of the four main material and battery cell manufacturers
Positive electrode materials: Rongbai Technology, Xiamen Tungsten Industry, Tianjin Bamo, Dangsheng Technology, Zhenhua New Materials
Negative electrode materials: Beiterui, Shanshan Co., Ltd., Jiangxi Zichen
Diaphragm: Enjie Co., Ltd., Xingyuan Materials, and Zhongcai Technology
Electrolyte: Tinci Materials, Xinzhoubang, Guotai Huarong
Power Battery: CATL, BYD, Zhongchuangxin Airlines, Guoxuan High tech
Consumer electronics: Panasonic, LG Chem, ATL, Samsung SDI, Guanyu, Liwei
3、 Zhongyou Cell Factory
1. The Pearl River Delta is mainly focused on consumer electronics
2. The Yangtze River Delta mainly relies on power batteries
3. Overall trend: A tripartite confrontation between China, South Korea, and Japan has emerged.
4、 Material resource distribution
Lithium resources: Chile (over half), Australia, Argentina, China
Cobalt resource distribution: Congo (over half), Australia, Cuba
Positive pole: China, Japan, South Korea
Negative electrode: China, Japan
Diaphragm: China, Japan, South Korea, USA Electrolyte: China, Japan, South Korea
The proportion of four main materials in cost:
Positive electrode 40%, negative electrode 15%, diaphragm 10-15%, electrolyte 12%
5、 Cell classification
Material-based classification, common classification
2. Lithium manganese oxide
3. Lithium Cobalt
4. Lithium titanate
5. Ternary lithium battery (nickel cobalt manganese)
Distinguish in form
1. Cylindrical cells: 18650, 21700, 26650, etc
2. Square cell
3. Soft pack battery cell
4. Steel shell battery cell
5. Abnormal battery cells
Classification by application port
1. Power direction: new energy vehicles, small power two or three-wheeled vehicles, mobile tools, etc
2. Consumer direction: mobile phones, laptops, smart wearables, etc
3. Energy storage direction: production process of lithium batteries for base stations such as China Mobile, China Telecom, Huawei, China Tower, etc
Objectively speaking, the production process of lithium batteries is divided into three major stages: first, electrode fabrication, second, battery cell fabrication, and third, battery assembly. In the production process of lithium batteries, the production of electrode plates is the foundation, and the production of battery cells is the core. The battery assembly is related to the quality of lithium battery products. The specific process of lithium battery production includes positive electrode slurry, negative electrode slurry, positive electrode sheet, negative electrode sheet, steel shell assembly, liquid injection, and testing, as well as packaging, etc
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