Why is it issued?
This award is awarded in recognition of exceptional highest order service/performance, without distinction of race, occupation, position, or sex. This award was originally limited to arts, literature, science, and public services, but after December 2011, it includes all fields. The recommendations for the Bharat Ratna are made by the Prime Minister to the President, with a maximum of three nominees being awarded each year.
What will they receive?
The recipients receive a Sanad(certificate) signed by the President and a Peepal leaf-shaped medallion. There is no momentary grant associated with this award. The very first recipients of Bharat Ratna were C.Rajagopalachari, Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan, C.V.Raman in the year 1954.
History
The Bharat Ratna, along with other personal civil honors, was partially suspended from July 1977 to January 1980 during the change in the National government; and from August 1992 to December 1995 for the second time, when several public-interest litigations challenged the constitutional validity of the awards.
In 1992, the government's decision to issue the award posthumously (after death) on Subash Chandra Bose was opposed by those who had refused to accept the fact of his death, including some of his extended family. In 1997, the Supreme court announced that Bose's award was canceled; it is the only time the award was announced but not given.
Some issues regarding the Award
Several bestowals of the award have met with criticism. The posthumous award for M.G.Ramachandran in 1998 was considered to have been aimed at violating the voters for the upcoming assembly election, and posthumous awards of Madan Mohan Malaviya in 2015 Vallabhai Patel in 1991 drew criticism because they died before the award was announced.
First and Last to receive
The first recipients were C. Rajagopalachari, Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan, C.V.Raman in 1954, and the last (till 2021) were Nanaji Deshmukh, Bhupen Hazarika, Pranab Mukharjee in 2019. Former Prime Minister Lal Bahadur Shastri became the first to be honored posthumously (After death). In 2014, cricketer Sachin Tendulkar, then aged 40, became the youngest recipient, while the social reformer Dhondo Keshav Karve was awarded on his 100th birthday. The first singer to be awarded was M.S. Subbalakshmi.
List of all recipients
In 1954:- C. Rajagopalachari, Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan, C.V.Raman
In 1955 :- Bhawan Das, M.visvesvaraya, Jawaharlal Nehru
In 1957:- Govind Ballabh Pant
In 1958 :- Dhondo Keshav Karve
In 1961 :- Bidhan Chandra Roy, Purushottham Das Tandom
In 1962:- Rajendra Prasad
In 1963 :- Zakir Hussain , Panduran Vaman Kane
In 1966 :- Lal Bahadur Shastri
In 1971:- Indira Gandhi
In 1975:- V.V.Giri
In 1976:- K. Kamaraj
In 1980:- Mother Teresa
In 1983:- Vinoba Bhave
In 1987:- Abdul Ghaffar Khan
In 1988:- M.G.Ramachandran
In 1990 :- B.R.Ambedkar, Nelson Mandela
In 1991:- Rajiv Gandhi, Vallabhai Patel, Morarji Desai
In 1992 :- Abul Kalam Azad, J.R.D. Tata, Satyajit Ray
In 1997 :- Gulzarilal Nanda, Aruna Asaf Ali, A.P.J.Abdul Kalam
In 1998 :- M.S.Subbalakahmi, Chidambaram Subramaniam
In 1999 :- Jayaprakash Narayan, Amartya Sen , Gopinath Bordoloi , Ravi Shankar
In 2001:- Lata Mangeshkar
In 2009:- Bhimsen Joshi
In 2014 :- C.N.R Rao , Sachin Tendulkar
In 2015 :- Madan Mohan Malaviya, Atal Bihari Vajpayee
In 2019 :- Nanaji Deshmukh, Bhupen Hazarika, Pranab Mukharjee
Posthumous recipients
1. Lal Bahadur Shastri
2. K. Kamaraj
3. Vinoba Bhave
4. M.G.Ramachandran
5. B.R.Ambedkar
6. Rajiv Gandhi
7. Vallabhai Patel
8. Abul Kalam Azad
9. Aruna Asaf Ali
10. Jayaprakash Narayan
11. Gopinath Bordoloi
12. Madan Mohan Malaviya
13. Bhupen Hazarika
14. Nanaji Deshmukh
Other than Indians
3 people are non-Indians but also issued Bharat Ratna.
They were:-
1. Mother Teresa
2. Abdul Ghaffar Khan
3. Nelson Mandela
This is all about the Bharat Ratna, The Highest Civilian Award of the Republic of India.
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