TENSE
A tense is a verb form indicating when something is about to happen or something has happened.
TYPES OF TENSE
1. Present Tense
2. Past Tense
3. Future Tense
1. PRESENT TENSE
1. Simple Present Tense-- In the sentence of the present tense, the act of being or doing is found in the present. (a) Affirmative sentence- Subject+verb1+s/es+object.
Ex- You write a letter.
He goes to school.
(b) Negative sentence- Subject+do/does+not+verb1+object
Ex- She does not run.
The sky is not black.
(c) Interrogative sentence- Do/Does+Subject+verb1+object?
Ex- Does the bird fly?
Where do you work?
2. PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE-- In these sentences, the continuation of work is found, and the time of continuation of work is not given.
(a) Affirmative sentence- Subject+is/am/are+verb1+ing+object.
Ex- You are writing a letter.
He is going to school.
(b) Negative sentence- Subject+is/am/are+not+verb1+ing+object.
Ex- She is not running.
Mohan is not writing a letter.
(c) Interrogative sentence- is/am/are+Subject+verb1+ing+object?
Ex- Why are you going there?
Is the sun rising in the sky?
3. PRESENT PERFECT TENSE-- In the sentence of this tense, the completion of work is found in the present tense.
(a) Affirmative sentence- Subject+has/have+verb3+object.
Ex- You have broken his plate.
He has killed a snake.
(b) Negative sentence- Subject+has/have+not+verb3+object.
Ex- She has not sung the song.
(c) Interrogative sentence- Has/Have+Subject+verb3+object
Ex- Has he sold his cow?
4. PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE-- In the sentence of this tense, it appears that the work started in the past but continues in the present tense.
(a) Affirmative sentence- Subject+has/have+been+verb1+ing+object+for/since+period/time.
Ex- She has been sleeping since morning.
(b) Negative sentence- Subject+has/have+not been+verb1+ing+object+for/since+period/time.
Ex- She has not been reading for two days.
(c) Interrogative sentence- Has/Have+Subject+been+verb1+ing+object+for/since+period/time.
Ex- Has he been doing his work for three hours.
2. PAST TENSE
1. Simple Past Tense-- In the sentence of the past tense, the act of being or doing is found in the past.
(a) Affirmative sentence- Subject+verb2+object
Ex- You wrote a letter.
(b) Negative sentence- Subject+did+not+verb1+object
Ex- The peon did not ring the bell.
(c) Interrogative sentence- Did+Subject+verb1+object?
Ex- Did you go to school?
2. PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE-- In these sentences, the continuation of work is found in the past tense.
(a) Affirmative sentence- Subject+was/were+verb1+ing+object.
Ex- He was going to school.
(b) Negative sentence- Subject+was/were+not+verb1+ing+object.
Ex- She was not running.
(c) Interrogative sentence- was/were+Subject+verb1+ing+object?
Ex- Why were you going there?
3. PAST PERFECT TENSE-- In the sentence of this tense, the completion of work is found in the past before a certain period.
(a) Affirmative sentence- Subject+had+verb3+object.
Ex- I had already heard this news.
(b) Negative sentence- Subject+had+not+verb3+object. Ex- She had not sung the song.
(c) Interrogative sentence- Had+Subject+verb3+object?
Ex- Had he sold his cow?
4. PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE-- In the sentence of this tense, it appears that the work started in the past but continues in the present tense.
(a) Affirmative sentence- Subject+had+been+verb1+ing+object+for/since+period/time.
Ex- She had been sleeping since morning.
(b) Negative sentence- Subject+had+not been+verb1+ing+object+for/since+period/time.
Ex- She had not been reading for two days.
(c) Interrogative sentence- Had+Subject+been+verb1+ing+object+for/since+period/time?
Ex- Had he been doing his work for three hours?
1. FUTURE TENSE
1. Simple Future Tense-- In the future tense sentence, the act of being or doing is found future.
(a) Affirmative sentence- Subject+will/shall+verb1+s/es+object.
Ex- You will write a letter.
(b) Negative sentence- Subject+will/shall+not+verb1+object
Ex- She will not run.
(c) Interrogative sentence- Will/Shall+Subject+verb1+object?
Ex- Will the birds fly?
2. FUTURE CONTINUOUS TENSE-- In these sentences, the continuation of work is found, and the time of continuation of work is not given.
(a) Affirmative sentence- Subject+will/shall+be+verb1+ing+object.
Ex- You will be writing a letter.
(b) Negative sentence- Subject+will/shall+not+be+verb1+ing+object.
Ex- She will not be reading in class.
(c) Interrogative sentence- will/shall+Subject+verb1+ing+object?
Ex- will you go there?
3. FUTURE PERFECT TENSE-- In the sentence of this tense, the completion of work is found in the future.
(a) Affirmative sentence- Subject+will/shall+have+verb3+object.
Ex- we shall have taken our food before seven.
(b) Negative sentence- Subject+will/shall+not+have+verb3+object.
Ex- she will not have written the letter before Hari comes.
(c) Interrogative sentence- Will/Shall+Subject+have been +verb3+object?
Ex- Will he has been sold his cow?
4. FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE-- In the sentence of this tense, it appears that the work started in the past but continues in the present tense.
(a) Affirmative sentence- Subject+will/shall+have+been+verb1+ing+object+for/since+period/time.
Ex- She will have been sleeping since morning.
(b) Negative sentence- Subject+will/shall +not +have been+verb1+ing+object+for/since+period/time.
Ex- She will not have been reading for two days.
(c) Interrogative sentence- Will/Shall+Subject+Have been+verb1+ing+object+for/since+period/time?
Ex- Will he have been doing his work for three hours?
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