An operating system is system software that can manage computer hardware and software and provide common computer program services.
For hardware systems such as input and output memory allocation, the operating system acts immediately between the program and the computer hardware. Although the application code is usually directed by hardware frequency, make a system call on the Os function. The operating system is found in many other devices that contain a computer, from cellular phones and video games to web servers and supercomputers.
The desktop operating system is Microsoft Windows with a market share of around 76.45% MacOs by Apple Os and its second place is 17.72 per% is lunix and its third place 1.73%.In the mobile sector, including (Smartphones and tablets). Android share upto 72% in the year 2020 according to third-quarter 2016 data android share on smartphones in domain with 87.5% and the growth of 10.3% in a year. Followed by ios with 12.3 %with the decrease of market share of 5.2% while another operating system amount of 0.3%.
Types of Operating system
1. Batch Operating System
2. Multiprocessing OS
3. Multitasking/Time-Sharing OS
1. Batch operating system - Batch Operating system is Computerized batch processing is the running of "jobs that can run without end-user interaction, or can be scheduled to run as resources permit.
The term "batch processing" originates in the traditional classification of a method of production as job production (one-off production), batch production (production of a "batch" of multiple items at once, one stage at a time), and flow production (mass production, all stages in process at once)
Early computers were capable of running only one program at a time. Each user had sole control of the machine for a scheduled period of time. They would arrive at the computer with program and data, often on punched paper cards and magnetic or paper tape, and would load their program, run and debug it, and carry off their output when done. As computers became faster, the setup and takedown time became a larger percentage of available computer time. Programs called monitors, the forerunners of the operating system, were developed which could process a series, or "batch," of programs, often from magnetic tape prepared offline. The monitor would be loaded into the computer and run the first job of the batch. At the end of the job, it would regain control and load and run the next until the batch was complete.
2. Multiprocessing Os - Multiprocessor Operating System uses two or more central processing units (CPU) within a single computer system. These multiple CPUs are in close communication sharing the computer bus, memory, and other peripheral devices. According to some online dictionaries, a multiprocessor is a computer system with two or more processing units (multiple processors), each sharing main memory and peripherals to process programs simultaneously. A 2009 textbook defined multiprocessor system similarly, noting that the processors may share "some or all of the system’s memory and I/O facilities"; it also gave a tightly coupled system as a synonymous term.
3. Multitasking time-sharing Os - In an operating system, it allows a user to perform more than one computer task (such as the operation of an application program) at a time. ... Each task consumes system storage and other resources. As more tasks are started, the system may slow down or run out of shared storage. Multitasking does not require parcel execution of multiple tasks simultaneously; instead, it allows more than one task to advance over a given period of time. Even on multiprocessor computers, multitasking allows many more tasks to be run than there are CPUs.
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