INTRODUCTION:-
A disaster may be natural or man-induced, maybe catastrophic or diastrophic, or may have originated in the earth's interior or the atmosphere. It is felt over the extensive area on the planet and results in devastation. If we examine a few phenomena, it will be apparent that a disaster damages lives and property to a great extent. Some events like volcanic eruptions, earthquakes, Tsunami, etc., are the collective result of natural and man-induced acts. Some events bring pre-planned devastation and destruction, e.g., atomic attack by U.S. bombers over Hiroshima and Nagasaki cities of Japan in the second world war. In contrast, some events are the result of human negligence or mistakes. e.g., Bhopal Gas Tragedy, Chernobil Atomic Disaster of Russia. Types of Disasters: We are aware of the risks of disasters. To decide the strategy for relief work. It is necessary to know the reasons and responsible situations. It is essential to know these concerning overall preparation for relief work. Experts on Disaster Management have divided the disasters into two categories:
(1) Natural Disasters:-
These include floods, cyclones, Tsunami, drought, earthquakes, volcanoes, forest fires, etc. Cyclone, Tsunami, and deficiency, while it is not possible to forecast earthquake, volcanic eruption. Forest fire.
(2) Man-induced Disasters:
Here fire, industrial accidents, bomb explosions, riots, etc., are included.
EXPLANATION:-
(°^°) Natural Disasters :
Flood By flood, we generally mean an extensive land area remaining submerged underwater continuously for several days. People associate flood with the river, when river water overflows its banks and the nearby land area comes underwater.
What to do:-
• Collect your particular and personal requirements and take refuge at a safer place.
• Put water, dry breakfast, candles. Lanterns, matchbox in a plastic box so that they do not get wet, and they should be kept with you. . Do not keep the children hungry. After the flood recedes, drink only boiled water. Radio, the Mobile phone should be controlled with you invariably.
• Be aware of snakes. They may come to dry places. Keep a bamboo stick to drive. What not to do: Do not eat food prepared in floodwater. them away. • Do not move out without collecting authentic information about the routes and situations before moving to a safer place.
Cyclone:-
Due to atmospheric disturbances, a sudden strike is made by severe storms. These storms are known as Cyclone in the Indian sub-continent, Hurricane and Tornado in the USA, as Typhoon along the coasts of China and Japan. These severe atmospheric storms are created due to unequal atmospheric pressure. Its devastating effects are felt along the shores of eastern India and Kachchh-Saurashtra.
What to do :
• Keep viewing the news bulletins on T.V. - Radio to know the anticipated time of the on-coming storms. Those who have a radio should keep an extra battery ready. If you have a back power instrument, it also is charged fully in advance.
• Listen carefully to the instructions, warnings broadcast over the radio, and implement them. Stay away from rumors. Store additional food, dry breakfast, and drinking water as per need.
• Keep provision of food and medicines, necessary for children and older adults. . If the rescue team tells you to vacate your home, cooperated with them.
• Use pure and safe drinking water. Should If you have taken shelter in a shelter home created by the Government or any NGO, then follow their instructions and do not leave the premises without their instructions.
Please do not keep your domesticated animals tied up to their posts. If they are free, they can defend. What not to do: Do not pay any attention to gossips or rumors, except for the instructions issued by the Weather Department on Radio. They in a better way. If the atmosphere calms down suddenly, the rain stops, wind becomes standstill, even then do not go in an open area. Wind or rainfall may strike suddenly, Do not touch electric poles or loose wires; stay away from them. Do not take shelter near bigger hoardings or large trees.
Earthquake:-
An earthquake, in general, means the shaking of the surface of the earth.
Thus, much damage is caused in the absence of a forecast.
What to do:
During an earthquake, stay beneath a large bench or a table.
If you are in a school, sit beneath a bench. In an open space, stay away from buildings, balconies, electric power lines, and electric poles. If you are driving a vehicle, bring your vehicle to a halt over or below a bridge, keep away from electric poles, power lines, and traffic signals. Remain seated in your car till the earthquake tremors are not over. Even after the earthquake tremours are over, few things like the fridge, photographs on the wall, ceiling fans, etc., may fall afterward, so keep away from them. . For instructions or guidance about the event, listen to the local radio.
What not to do :
Do not shout or flee in panic. Do not attempt to prevent things from falling after the earthquake tremors. Do not use elevators to go down. If you are in a house, do not stand near wooden cabinets (cupboard), safes, mirrors, or a glass chandelier, Do not light a match stick or a Lighter, or do not switch on electric gadgets before confirming that the cooking gas is not leaking, because leaking gas may explode. Do not put a phone call unless for emergency medical help or fire. A prompt phone call may interrupt the telephone network, which may obstruct the relief work.
Tsunami:-
The destructive and powerful sea waves are called Tsunami. These waves are not seen distinctly in deep-sea due to their shorter wave heights, but they turn into devastating forms when they approach costs and shallow sea. Its velocity reduces near coasts but height increases. So, these waves surge ahead in the form of a wall near the sea coast and cause devastation. More than 2 lakh people from Thailand, India, Indonesia, Sri Lanka and other South-Eastern countries became victims of a highly destructive Tsunami on 26th December 2004. With modern equipment, a forecast and a nearly exact time of the striking of a tsunami can be predicted.
What to do:-
Mangrove reduces the overall impact of the Tsunami, so attempts What not to do: should be made to expand their span. . Do not take shelter on tall buildings, because these buildings may collapse due to destructive waves. After the Tsunami recedes, do not approach the sea coast till the authorities receive the instructions. Drought: A drought is a highly deadly hazard, leaving a long-lasting impact. This is so because crops, food grains, and living organisms depend entirely on water. The shortage is created due to the water crisis. Under such conditions, heavy damage is done to agriculture and natural vegetation. Earlier, many people died of starvation during a drought, but now it could be reduced due to transportation and well-planned management. What to do: Drip irrigation in agriculture should be intensified,
● Food rationing and use of water should be planned after estimating their availability. The arrangement should be made for fair price distribution of food grains and relief work.
● Construction activity should be stopped except for the inevitable outcome. What not to do: To prevent food wastage, do not hold large-scale dinner parties. Citizens should not hoard food grains or fodder.
Forest Fire:-
A forest fire is a fire that occurs in forests and creates devastation. Except for lightning, all other reasons for a forest fire are man-induced. There are more probabilities of a forest fire occurring during a dry season after autumn. At that time, the dry grass and fallen tree leave to act as fuel. This situation is responsible for the spread of forest fire.
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