Introduction

According to the World Health Organization, a person aged 10-19 is considered a minor. The transition period between childhood and adolescence is thought to be marked by adolescence. During this time, the child's physical, mental, and natural development occurs. It is seen as a special moment in the girl's past life cycle that needs special attention. At this point, the girls began to experience menstruation. But because of the lack of menstrual control data or because of embarrassment things get worse for women. Menstruation is also practiced but still hated or discriminated against in many parts of the world, especially in low- and middle-income countries in Asia and Africa. Menstrual habits and beliefs are often based on gender, religion, and culture.

The oscillation has three stages, namely the follicular phase (proliferative), the ovulation phase, and the secretion phase. Menstruation is controlled by hormones; during this process, the endometrium, the lining of the uterus, gradually hardens and melts and causes bleeding that usually lasts 3-5 days and sometimes up to 7 days. Menstruation destroys two-thirds of the endometrial lining. In addition to blood, the menstrual fluid contains mucus and vulval fluids [8]. Menorrhea varies from woman to woman and will be more or less at the beginning of menstruation or may change throughout the cycle. The color of the menstrual cycle varies from red, bright red, and dark brown to dark brown. Menstrual fluid may or may not have a strong odor, especially if it is in contact with air. Menstrual waste is waste produced by a woman in her reproductive years. These impure products are produced during menstruation which is often referred to as menstruation, menstruation, or the menstrual cycle.

Limitations during menstruation due to culture, customs, values, and traditions

There are many cultural aspects associated with the way society views menstruation. Menstrual taboo is any misconception in menstruation-related society. Common barriers to menstruation include the idea that girls are dirty, dirty, or sinful during menstruation. The social and cultural practices associated with menstruation are important issues. In rural areas, women are not allowed to visit kitchens, temples, and many other places. They will not touch the food of others or eat with others. Some women are not encouraged to touch or wash their genitals during menstruation to eliminate water pollution in a public meeting place.

Menstrual hygiene practices were rife with culture, parental influence, personal preferences, economic status, and social and economic pressures. Different cultures have different beliefs about menstruation [Menstruation beliefs ask about erroneous ideas and attitudes about menstruation within a particular culture or religion. In some cultures, there are restrictions on bathing and a taboo against the burial of blood-stained menstrual cloth. People believe that clothes need to be washed before they can be worn or reused. Washing and drying should be done privately or in a secluded corner so that no one can see them. Many societies think that menstruation should be kept a secret. Some societies believe that women and girls can spread mischief or immorality during menstruation. Nor are they allowed to participate in religious activities or to discuss religious topics. Menstruation girls appear to be forbidden to wash and wash their hair, as it is believed to inhibit blood flow. Even touching menstruating women were considered toxic.

Barriers and menstrual discrimination are considered to be the social and cultural barriers imposed on women. These social and cultural barriers prevent women from achieving menstrual hygiene control, access to non-public facilities, and appropriate disposal solutions. This can lead to serious health problems among women. In many lands, superstitions are on the decline, but in many Asian and African countries, cultural beliefs make women's lives more difficult. Such barriers need to be controlled so that women's lives can be peaceful, secure, and enjoyable.

Different types of products used by women as absorbents

Absorbents are substances that easily absorb fluids. Absorbents used during menstruation helps to draw blood and maintain menstrual hygiene.

Preferences that are often viewed as hygienic products are based on personal preferences, economic status, accessibility, and ease of use. The choice of absorber varies in rural and concrete areas. In rural areas, women prefer and encourage the use of reusable and washable cloth pads while in urban areas, women prefer to use sanitary pads, tampons, and menstrual cups.

A large number of women rely on sanitary pads because they are easy to use, cheap and available in many places. Various absorbers are provided below:

1) Commercial pads:       

These are the most widely used absorbents. They are available at local stores, chemical stores, and even online. These are cheap but not reusable. They are expensive compared to reusable fabric pads. They are made from 100% natural cotton.

2) Useful and testable fabric pads:

They can be reused as their name but have a higher risk of contamination. However, they are easier to use, cheaper than any other products, and eco-friendly. They should be washed thoroughly after use and should be dried in the sun. These pads should be kept in a dry, clean place to avoid contamination.

3) Tampons:

These are the type of absorbents that provide internal protection. They are a type of plug and are made of soft materials such as cotton, sea sponges, etc. During use, they are inserted into a vulva that drains menstrual flow before leaving the body. They are expensive and not at all compatible with nature.

4) Reusable Tampons:

These tampons can be made of natural materials such as bamboo, wool, cotton, or hemp. They are inserted into the vulva to absorb menstrual flow.

5) Menstrual cups:

The menstrual cup is a re-used type of hygiene product for women. A flexible, flexible cup made of rubber or silicone is inserted into a woman's vulva to hold and collect menstrual fluid. Cups can hold more blood than other methods, leading many women to use them as an eco-friendly method instead of tampons. It offers another sustainable, effective, and inexpensive method when sanitation conditions are poor.