^{What is meant by a landslide?}

Landslides The sliding of soil and rocks from top to bottom on a slope  Rolling and falling are called landslides.  With a loud voice in the process.  Debris falls to the bottom.  Landslides - Causes - There are two classes of factors responsible for landslides namely-  

Meaning of Landslide - The process of sliding, rolling, and falling of soil and rocks from top to bottom on the slope is called a landslide.  If the landslide is very large, then the sound of thunder starts slowly in that area, and later the debris falls with a loud sound.  

Areas affected by Landslides in India Following are the areas affected by Landslides in India

(i)   The Himalayas region is the most affected area by Landslides in India.  The largest number of landslides occur here.

  (ii)    Landslides also occur in the Western Ghats region in India.  In this area where rivers flow, there are more landslides.

(ii)   Landslides are more frequent in Northeast India and Jammu and Kashmir region where new roads have been constructed.

(iii)   Landslides also occur in India due to the erosion of oceanic waves on the seashores.  Evidence of this can be seen on the Konkan coast. Landslides - A Hazard and Effects - The following are the major effects of landslides. 

(1) Blocking of traffic routes -

 Landslides are not catastrophic disasters like an earthquake, but whenever a landslide occurs, it causes destruction.  Somewhere it blocks the routes of rivers and somewhere it blocks the traffic routes.  Public life gets disturbed due to the blockage of the road.  demand and supply The balance gets disturbed.  Therefore, as soon as the landslide occurs, the road is opened first, so that the problem which has arisen due to the blockage of traffic can be removed.

(2) Effects of Landslides in Populated Areas -

 Whenever landslides occur in populated areas, it causes loss of both people and money.  People and houses get buried in the pile of rubble.  In 1993, 40 people were killed in landslides on the Nilgiri hills.  Roads were broken and many houses collapsed.  In Uttarakhand, there was a huge loss of public and money due to landslides in the same year.

(3) Formation of temporary lakes -

 Many times landslides block the course of rivers and a temporary lake is formed there.  Whenever this lake breaks, it causes loss of public and wealth.  In 1971, a temporary lake was formed on the Alaknanda River in Uttarakhand due to heavy landslides and when its water broke through the banks, the entire village called Belakuchi was washed away. 

(1) Natural factors -

 structure of rocks, slope of the land, in rocks.  There are natural factors like folding, faulting, amount of rainfall, and vegetation cover.  Landslides are more frequent in newly folded mountainous areas.  Landslides are more intense in slopes whose angle is greater than 45°.  of the river in mountainous areas.  Due to high erosion power, landslides occur in their upper region.

(2) Human factor -

 Man has increased the natural disaster like landslide further due to uncontrolled development.  Destruction of forests, construction of roads, railways and tunnels, construction of routes for transport in mountainous areas, etc. are human factors of landslides.  Landslide Affected Areas - The Himalayan region and the Western Ghats region are the main areas affected by landslides in India.

 Landslides also occur due to the erosion of ocean waves on the sea shores.  Landslide is not a catastrophic disaster like an earthquake, but whenever a landslide occurs, it does cause destruction.  Somewhere this  Blocks the course of rivers and blocks the traffic routes at some places.  

Whenever landslides occur in populated areas, it causes loss of both people and money.  Many a times landslides block the course of rivers.  And there temporarily a lake is formed.  

Landslides and Management

 (1) More than 90 percent of the landslides that occur in India at the government and social level, occur in the rainy season.  Therefore, there should be proper drainage system on both sides of the transport routes of hilly areas.  Villages should be settled in areas not affected by landslides.  Landslide zone warning signs should be installed on traffic routes.

 (2) At individual level - if it rains while traveling in own vehicles.  The vehicle should be stopped at one side.  Strong ground of houses in mountainous areasBe made on Sanjeev Pass Books.  The concerned department should be informed if landslides have occurred on the traffic routes.