INTERNET
The Internet is the world's largest network of computer networks. If you have a computer, you can hook it to the Internet. There are more than 100 million users on the Internet, and they are growing rapidly by the day.
History of Internet
In 1969, the American defense department wanted to connect all the computers in the Department of Defense (DOD) offices and military research contractors, including many, numerous of universities doing military funded research. That network was called Advanced Research Projects Agency Network (ARPANET), was also called ARPANET, the D for defense. It started in a small way, connecting three computers in California with one in Utah, but quickly grew to span the whole of America. It was very successful and all the universities wanted to get connected to ARPANET, At one stage the military officials wanted to preserve the unity of the DOD and so divided the network into two parts.
ARPANET
MIL NET (Military Network)
These two parts remained connected with a technical scheme called Internet Protocol (IP) (Fig 2) The word protocol means "rules for meeting a person/king" On the Internet, if we want to contact a person on another network we need a protocol Network designers have designed several protocols now, and some of them are as follows;
Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP).
Hyper Text Transfer Protocol (HTTP)
Transfer Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP)
Internet Protocol is a technical switching scheme which enables a node of one network to communicate with a node of another network. The American National Science Foundation then established another network of computers in America. It permitted all the universities and research centers to hook on to their network National Science Foundation Network (NSF NET) and to contribute to super-computer research. During 1990, many computers started hooking up to NSF NET, and as a result, ARPANET outlived its usefulness and was shut down. During 1994, several commercial organization's introduced networks across the globe. They also designed protocols to communicate from one node of a network to another node in another network. As a result of this, we now have a network of so many different networks. This network of networks is called the Internet.
Internet Technology
In this chapter, we are going to learn about some technologies that have come up due to the Internet. For example, if we want to connect our computer to the Internet, we can do so only through an Internet server. There are Companies which have Internet servers and provide Internet connectivity, called Internet Service Providers (ISP). They have satellite connections with the Internet. We must apply to an ISP and ask for an Internet connection. They give a web page, an e-mail box and other facilities. We must have a telephone connection to communicate with the ISP's office, and a device called a Modem. Our computer gets connected to the Internet. We connect our computer to the modem. And the modem is connected to the telephone line.
There are various types of Internet connections. The following are some of them.
• Shell account, (text only).
• TCP/IP Account (text, graphics, sound and animation).
Shell accounts enable us to browse through text items only: the graphics and multimedia elements cannot be viewed. So the shell account does not permit full use of Internet capability. Using a shell account, we can make use of the e-mail facility (From June 1999 shell accounts to have multimedia.)
Transfer Control Protocol/Internet protocol (TCP/IP) is very powerful and most popular. With a TCP/IP connection, our car. Enjoy Internet fully.
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