Guillain Barre syndrome is an autoimmune disorder in which your body's immune system attacks your nerves. To know details, do read Fully.....

"Guillain-Barr'e syndrome":

Overview 

Guillain-Barr'e syndrome is a rare disorder in which your body's immune system attacks your nerves. Weakness and tingling in your extremities are usually the first symptoms.

 These sensations can quickly spread, eventually paralyzing your whole body. In its most severe form, Guillain-Barr'e syndrome is a medical emergency. Most people with the condition must be hospitalized to receive treatment. 

The exact cause of Guillain-Barr'e syndrome is unknown. But two-thirds of patients report symptoms of an infection in the six weeks preceding. These include respiratory or a gastrointestinal infection or Zika virus.

 There's no known cure for Guillain-Barr'e syndrome, but several treatments can ease symptoms and reduce the duration of the illness. Although most people recover from Guillain-Barr'e syndrome. The mortality rate is 4 to 7% between 60-80 % of people are able to walk at six months, patients may experience lingering effects from it, such as weakness, numbness or fatigue. 

Symptoms 

  Guillian-Barr'e syndrome often begins with tingling and weakness starting in your feet and legs spreading to your upper body and arms. In about 10% of people with the disorder, symptoms begin in syndrome  in the arms or face. As Guillian-Barr'e syndrome progresses, muscle weakness can evolve into paralysis. 

Signs and symptoms may include; 

• Prickling, pins and needles sensation in your fingers, toes, ankles or wrists. 
•  Weaknesses in your legs, that spreads to your upper body. 
•  Unsteady walking or inability to walk or claim stairs. 
• Difficulty with facial movements. Including speaking, chewing or swallowing. 
•  Double vision or inability to move eyes. 
• Severe pain that may feel achy, shooting or cramp like and may be worse at night. 
• Difficulty with bladder control or bowel function. 
• Rapid heart rate. 
• Low or high blood pressure. 
• Difficulty in breathing. 

People with Guillain-Barr'e syndrome usually experience their most significant weakness within two weeks after symptoms begin. 

Types

Once thought to be a single disorder, Guillain-Barr'e syndrome is now known to occur in several forms. The main types are:

• Acute inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (AIDP), the most common form in North America and Europe. The most common sign of AIDP is muscle weakness that starts in the lower part of your body and spreads upward.
• Miller Fisher syndrome (MFS), in which paralysis starts in the eyes. MFS is also associated with unsteady gait. MFS is less common in the U.S but more common in Asia.
• Acute motor axonal neuropathy (AMAN) and acute motor-sensory axonal neuropathy (AMSAN) are less common in the U.S But AMAN and AMSAN are more frequent in China, Japan and Mexico. 

Causes

• The exact triggers or cause of Guillian-Barr'e syndrome is unknown. 
• It often follows a minor respiratory or abdominal infection. 
• May occasionally follows vaccination. 
• The swine flu vaccine in1976 is suspected to have caused several cases. 
• Flu, common cold 
• Porphyrin 
• Viral hepatitis 
• HIV 
• Campylobacterioses 
• A small number of cases have been known to occur after a medical procedure, such as Minor surgery. 

Risk factors

Guillain-Barr'e syndrome can affect all age groups. But your risk increases as you age. It's also more common in males than females

Guillain-Barr'e syndrome may be triggered by:

• Most commonly, infection with campylobacter, a type of bacteria often found in undercooked poultry
• Influenza virus
• Cytomegalovirus
• Epstein-Barr virus
• Zika virus
• Hepatitis A, B, C and E
• HIV, the virus that causes AIDS
• Mycoplasma pneumonia
• Surgery
• Trauma
• Hodgkin's lymphoma
• Rarely, influenza vaccinations or childhood vaccinations
• COVID-19 virus 

Complications

• Breathing difficulties
• Residual numbness or other sensations
• Heart and blood pressure problems,
• Pain
• Bowel and bladder function problems
• Blood clots
• Pressure sores
• Relapse

 Severe, early symptoms of Guillain-Barr'e syndrome significantly increase the risk of serious long-term complications. Rarely, death may occur from complications such as respiratory distress syndrome and heart attacks