For over a decade, scientists have been trying to synthesize a new form of carbon called graphene with next to no success. But researchers from the University of Colorado Boulder have finally succeeded in creating the elusive allotrope of carbon. This research fills a long-standing gap in carbon material science and opens up "brand new" possibilities for electronics, optics and semiconductor research. Graphene is a one-atom-thick layer of carbon atoms arranged in a hexagonal lattice. It is the building-block of Graphite (which is used, among others things, in pencil tips), but graphene is a remarkable substance on its own - with a multitude of astonishing properties which repeatedly earn it the title “wonder material”. Graphene is the thinnest material known to man at one atom thick, and also incredibly strong - about 200 times stronger than steel. On top of that, graphene is an excellent conductor of heat and electricity and has interesting light absorption abilities. It is truly a material that could change the world, with unlimited potential for integration in almost any industry. The researchers have documented their process in a study titled, “Synthesis of γ - graphene using dynamic covalent chemistry,” published in Nature Synthesis. The creation of different carbon allotropes (forms) has long interested scientists because of the element’s versatility and usefulness in various industries.
Carbon allotropes can be constructed in different ways depending on how hybrids of carbons and their corresponding bonds are utilized. The most well known such allotropes include graphite used in pencil and diamonds. They are created out of ‘sp2’ carbon and ‘sp3’ carbon, respectively. Also, Read |Engineers at Drexel University develop new Lithium - Sulfur tech that can revolutionize batteries.
Scientists have used traditional methods to create various such allotropes over the years, including fullerene and graphene. Researchers working on these materials were awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1996 and 2010 respectively.
But unfortunately, these methods do not allow for different types of carbon to be synthesized together in any kind of large capacity, and this is required for creating graphene. Due to this obstacle, graphene remained a theoretical material speculated to have unique electrical, mechanical and optical properties.
Researchers in the field approached Wei Zhang, the co-author of the research article, and his lab group. Zhang is a professor of chemistry at CU Boulder and studies reversible chemistry. Reversible chemistry allows bonds to sold-correct, thus opening possibilities to create new kinds of ‘lattices’ (ordered structures) like synthetic polymers that resemble DNA. 
The team used a process called alkene metathesis along with thermodynamics and kinetic control to create a new kind of material that could rival the conductivity of graphene, but with control. Alkene Metathesis refers to an organic reaction that involves the redistribution (cutting and forming) of alkene chemical bonds. Alkenes are hydrocarbons with at least one carbon-carbon triple covalent bond.
The material has successfully been created. But the team still needs to look into many more details, including how to create it on a large scale and how to manipulate it for various different use cases. These efforts will help figure out more of the material’s electrical and optical properties, allowing it to be used in applications like lithium-ion batteries.
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