Glands:- Those parts of the body which emit chemical substances (enzymes, hormones).
• Some glands in our body are AC, which emits enzymes, and some are AC, which emits hormones.
• Glands have been divided based on the same; the first is called 'external secretory gland,' and the second is called 'endocrine gland.'
→ There is some gland that secretes enzymes; it is called the external secretory gland.
→ Such a gland that secretes hormones is called the endocrine gland.
The endocrine gland is -
• pituitary gland
• thyroid gland
• parathyroid gland
• Adrenal gland
Such a gland that secretes hormones + enzymes is called the mixed gland → pancreas.
Pituitary gland:-
• It resides in the brain.
• It is called Master Gland and Cell Turistica.
• From this gland, the STH hormone comes out.
• Regulates body growth, bone growth.
V. Imp:- The smallest gland in the human body is the pituitary gland.
Thyroid Gland:- The endocrine gland is the largest.
• TSH hormone stimulates the thyroid gland to secrete hormones.
• Located below the windpipe in the human throat.
Thyroxine Hormone: - There is a high amount of Iodine; it is called the pacemaker of the Endocrine System.
→ Function:- Controls the water balance of the body together with the hormones of the pituitary gland.
• Deficiency of this hormone leads to goiter disease.
Parathyroid gland:- Parathyroid gland is located behind the thyroid gland.
• The hormone released from it controls the amount of calcium (Ca) in the blood.
2 hormones are released from the parathyroid gland -
• Parathyroid hormone
• Calcitonin
→ Now we see in which condition it comes out -
• When the parathyroid hormone is released, when the amount of calcium in the blood decreases.
• When the amount of calcium in the blood increases, then the hormone calcitonin is released.
When these hormones become unbalanced, a disease like stone occurs.
Adrenal Gland:- This gland secretes life-saving hormones.
• The hormones released from this gland control the blood pressure of the human body.
→ It has 2 parts -
The glucose Corti quads hormone is released from the part of the cortex.
The epinephrine hormone is released from the and part from the medulla.
Gluco Carti Quads: Works to control carbohydrates, protein, fat.
Epinephrine: If the heart stops beating suddenly, it is used to start it.
Note: - Addison's disease is caused by problems in the cortex. The hormone released from the adrenal gland is called the Fight and Flight hormone.
Pancreas:- There are different cells in a part of the pancreas.
→ like -
• α cell
• A hormone called 'insulin' is released from the β cell.
• cell
The deficiency of insulin causes diabetes.
Diabetes Day is celebrated on 14Nov.
Most antibiotics are made from – bacteria
In what form does the liver store food - in the form of glycogen
The total number of bones in the ear is – 6
The reproductive part of the plant in – flower
Oxygen is supplied in the body through which – through red blood cells
Goitre disease is caused due to enlargement of which gland – Thyroid
The strongest muscle is found in the jaws
In which light photosynthesis is fastest - Red light
The age of a tree can be estimated by counting the circles made of the trunk.
The source of oxygen produced during photosynthesis is – water
The gas used for artificial ripening of green fruits is – Acetylene
What are the plants that grow in saltwater called - Halophytes
In what form is nitrogen used by plants – in the form of nitrate
Where is the pituitary gland located - in the brain
Carbohydrates come in – starch and sugar
Which part of the plant is exploited - the leaf
From which part of the cinchona plant quinine is obtained - from the bark of the stem
ECG is used to examine which organ-brain
What is studied in phycology – Algae
What is the study of fruits called - pomology
The highest source of protein is found in – Soybean
Turpentine oil is obtained from which tree – from pine
Opium is obtained from which part of the plant – from the flower
In which the process of transpiration takes place in plants - in the leaf
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