INTRODUCTION:
Motivation is derived from the word motive, which means needs, desires, wants or drives within the individuals. It is the process of stimulating people to actions to accomplish the goals. Motivation is important for the growth of the employees as well as the growth of the organization. It helps to improve the work performance. Motivation is a psychological phenomenon, which generates within an individual. It is an important technique which can be used for reducing the job stress of an individual.
Motivation is defined as the urge in an individual to perform the goal directed behavior. Therefore, motivation cannot be inflicted from outside, but it is an intrinsic desire in the man to achieve the target goal through performance or activity. Motivation refers to what activates, directs human behavior is sustained to achieve a particular goal. It can also be defined as the set of process arose, direct and maintain human behavior towards attaining some goals. Motivating the workforce of an organization to work more effectively toward the organizational goals is perhaps the most fundamental task of the management. Organization motivates their workforce to perform effectively by offering rewards for satisfactory performance.
DEFINITION:
Employee motivation has been broadly defined as the psychological forces that determine the direction of a person's behavior in an organization, a person's level of effort and a person's level of persistence. It is defined as the urge in an individual to perform the goal directed behavior. Motivation cannot be inflicted from outside, but it is an intrinsic desire in the man to achieve the target goal through performance or activity.
NATURE OF MOTIVATION:
Work motivation is one of the key areas of organizational psychology that significantly influence the work behavior of the employees. It is the fundamental for every manager to create it for increasing the productivity and performance of every employee.
Motivation is based on individuals, whereas motives are also quite internal to the individual.
Motivation leads to achievement of a goal directed by the behavior.
Motivation is related to satisfaction which is a consequence of rewards and punishment received by an individual in the past.
Motivation is a complex process, because the types of needs and method of achieving the needs differ from person to person and even for the same person changes from time to time.
Motivation make the employees look for better ways to do a job.
IMPORTANCE OF MOTIVATION:
It enables people to convert physical and financial resources into useful products and services. It helps the organization to get the best out of its human resources. Motivation triggers employees to perform their job energetically. Employee performance and outcome is not only based on skill and ability of individuals, but also an enthusiasm and willingness.
Motivation is an action which links the overall efficiency and output of any work related activity made by individuals. This action keeps on reducing the entire cost of the operations and tasks involved in the organization. The organization should understand the priorities and need of their own employees and design a suitable compensation and other incentive systems and assure the accomplishment of stated goals in a comprehensive manner. If employees are not motivated appropriately, the basic functions of management such as planning, organizing and staffing functions will not be translated into desired action. Motivation engages and makes employees bind closer to their organization.
MOTIVATION AND JOB PERFORMANCE:
It has been defined by the level of an individual work achievement after having exerted effort. Some researchers believe that performance is ultimately an individual phenomenon, with environmental variables influencing performance primarily through their effect on the individual determinants of performance, ability and motivation. The level of performance of employees relies not only on their actual skills, but also on the level of motivation each person exhibits. However, motivation is an inner drive or an external inducement to behave in some particular way, typically a way that will lead to rewards.
Performance is considered to be a function of ability and motivation, thus:
Job performance=f (ability) (motivation)
Ability in turn depends on education, experience and training and its improvement is a slow and long process. On the other hand, motivation can be improved quickly. There are many options, and an initiated manager may not even know where to start. As a guideline, there are broadly seven strategies for motivation such as positive reinforcement, effective discipline and punishment, treating people fairly, satisfying employee needs, setting work related goals restructuring jobs and base rewards on job performance.
An effective performance management action is an important tool for employee motivation for optimal performance. However, it is not an enough condition for effective performance management. The most important issue with any performance management system is how critically it is taken and how devotedly it is used by management and employees.
Performance management is all about perfection, synchronizing, upgrading to stockholders and owners. The expansion of performance management is clearly very large; hence, the performance management must be viewed within an enterprise as a tool to improve employee motivation for high performance. Efficient management of performance required a strong apprehension of the performance domain. That is, apprehending the obligation and projects that are part of the job description within a company or organization
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