Electronic components are basic discrete devices in any electronic system to use in electronics, otherwise different associated fields. These components are basic elements that are used to design electrical and electronic circuits. These components have a minimum of two terminals which are used to connect to the circuit. The classification of electronic components can be done based on applications like active, passive, and electromechanical.
Basic electronic components: capacitors, resistors, diodes, transistors, etc.
Power sources: Signal generators and DC power supplies.
Measurement and analysis instruments: Cathode Ray Oscilloscope (CRO), multimeters, etc.
Active Components
These components are used to amplify electrical signals to generate electric power. The functioning of these components can be done like an AC circuit within electronic devices to protect from voltage and enhanced power. An active component executes its functions because it is power-driven through an electricity source. All these components require some energy source that is normally removed from a DC circuit. Any quality type of active component will include an oscillator, IC (integrated circuit) & transistor.
Diodes
A diode is a device that allows current to flow in one direction and usually made with the semiconductor material. It has two terminals, anode and cathode terminals. These are mostly used in converting circuits like AC to DC circuits. These are of different types like PN diodes, LEDs, photodiodes, etc. Please refer to this link to know more about diodes
Transistors
A transistor is a three-terminal semiconductor device. Mostly it is used as a switching device and also as an amplifier. This switching device can be voltage or current controlled. By controlling the voltage applied to the one terminal, controls the current flow through the other two terminals. Transistors are of two types, namely bipolar junction transistor (BJT) and field-effect transistors (FET). And further, these can be PNP and NPN transistors. Please refer to this link to Know more about transistors
Integrated Circuits
An Integrated circuit is a special component that is fabricated with thousands of transistors, resistors, diodes, and other electronic components on a tiny silicon chip. These are the building blocks of current electronic devices like cell phones, computers, etc. These can be analog or digital integrated circuits. Mostly used IC's in electronic circuits are Op-amps, timers, comparators, switches IC's, and so on. These can be classified as linear and nonlinear IC's depending on its application. Please refer to this link to Know more about integrated circuits
Passive Components
These types of components cannot use to mesh energy into the electronic circuit because they don’t rely on a power source, excluding what is accessible from the AC circuit they are allied to. As a result, they cannot amplify, although they can increase a current otherwise voltage or current. These components mainly include two-terminals like resistors, inductors, transformers & capacitors.
Resistors
A resistor is a two-terminal passive electronics component, used to oppose or limit the current. Resistor works based on the principle of Ohm’s law, which states that “voltage applied across the terminals of a resistor is directly proportional to the current flowing through it” The units of the resistance are ohms. Where R is the 'constant' called resistance.
Capacitors
A capacitor made from two conductive plates with an insulator between them, and it stores electrical energy in the form of an electric field. A capacitor blocks the DC signals and allows the AC signals, and also used with a resistor in a timing circuit.
Inductors
An inductor is also referred to as an AC resistor, which stores electrical energy in the form of magnetic energy. It resists the changes in the current, and the standard unit of inductance is Henry. The capability of producing magnetic lines is referred to as inductance.
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