An electric potential at a point is defined as the amount of work done to move a unit of positive charge from infinity to that point against electrical forces.
It was argued that the transfer of positive test charge in the electric field was accompanied by a change in potential energy. The gravitational analogy has been used to explain the rationale for the relationship between position and potential energy. Moving a positive test charge in the direction of the electric field is like moving the mass up in the Earth`s gravitational field. Both movements are like going against nature and require the action of external forces. This work increases the potential energy of the object. On the other hand, the movement of the positive test charge in the direction of the electric field is like the mass falling into the Earth's gravitational field. Both movements are like walking with nature and occur without the need for external force. This movement causes potential energy loss. Potential energy is the energy stored at the position of an object and is related to the position of the object in the field. This section of Lesson 1 introduces the concept of electric potential and associates it with the potential energies of positive test charges at various locations in the electric field.
Work and potential energy:
Forces are interactions that change the movement of an object. Push or pull. F = m \, aF = maF, equal, m, a.
The general definition of work is "force acting on distance" or W = F \ cdot dW = F dW, equal, F, dot, d. In electric field notation, W = q E \ cdot dW = qE ⋅ dW, equal, q, E, dot, d
Energy is "the ability to work". If an object has energy, it has the ability to do the job. When force acts on an object, it can store potential energy. Objects with potential energy can do the job. (Currently not working, but there is potential.) The object has potential energy due to its position.
Work and potential energy are inextricably linked. The additional potential energy stored in the object is equal to the work spent moving the object to a new position. Possibility with points by point charge.
Let's take a positive charge + Q in space. Imagine a point at a distance of x from the
charge + Q above. Now place a positive unit charge at this point. According to Coulomb's law, the positive charge of the unit experiences a force. It then moves the positive charge of this unit by a small distance dx in the direction of charge Q.
Potential difference:
The potential difference between two points is defined as the amount of work done to move a unit of positive charge from one point to another against the force of electricity.
Volts:
The SI unit for potential or potential difference is Volts (V). If one joule of work is done to move one Coulomb charge from one point to another against electrical forces, the potential difference between the two points is one volt.
Important point
1. At the midpoint between two equally opposite charges, the potential is zero, but the electric field is not zero.
2. If one joule of work is done to move a pillar of charge with respect to an electric field, the potential at a point is said to be one volt.
3. As the negative charge moves from point A to point B, the potential of the system rises.
4. The reference level used to define the potential at a point is infinite. This means that the force on the test charge is zero at the reference level.
5. The Earth's surface is considered to be at zero potential because the Earth is so large that adding or removing charges does not change its electrical state.
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