What is Diabetes , types and Treatments

Diabetes is a chronic condition, and There are three main types of diabetes: type 1, type 2, Gestational diabetes ( diabetes while pregnant ). high blood sugar causes many of the warning signs of diabetes listed above, including:

Heavy thirst.
Blurry vision.
Peeing a lot.
More hunger.
Numb or tingling feet.
Sugar in your urine.
Weight loss

Type 1 :

What causes type 1 diabetes? Type 1 diabetes occurs when your immune system, the body's system for fighting infection, attacks and destroys the pancreas's insulin-producing beta cells. Scientists think type 1 diabetes is caused by genes and environmental factors, such as viruses, that might trigger the disease.

Treatment of Type 1 :

For type 1 diabetes, treatment involves diet, exercise, insulin therapy, and blood sugar monitoring. Individuals being treated for type 1 diabetes try to get their blood sugar levels as close to normal as possible. This is achieved through multiple daily injections or the use of an insulin pump. This is called intensive therapy. The more closely sugar levels remain as close to normal as possible, the lower the risk of developing long-term complications.

Lifelong replacement therapy with insulin is the main medication treatment for type 1 diabetes. Insulin treatment needs to be injected - it can't be taken by mouth, as it is broken down in the stomach. There are many types of insulin, classifiable as rapid-acting, short-acting, intermediate-acting, and long-acting. Premixed insulins are also available; these are rapid- or short-acting and intermediate-acting insulins mixed. The amount of insulin needed depends on several factors, notably:

your weight
the amount of body fat and muscle you have
how much you eat and exercise

Most people with type 1 diabetes take 3 to 4 injections per day or use an insulin pump.

Insulin pumps

Insulin pumps are becoming more common for treating type 1 diabetes as an alternative to multiple daily injections. Since type 1 diabetes is often diagnosed earlier in life, blood sugar must remain as normal as possible to prevent complications. Insulin pumps are devices that have a small tube (catheter) inserted under the skin attached to a small pump (the size of a pager) containing insulin. The pump contains insulin and is programmed to deliver small amounts of insulin as per a preprogrammed schedule

Type 2 :

In type 2 diabetes, your body can't effectively use insulin to bring glucose into your cells. This causes your body to rely on alternative energy .

Treatment of Type 2 :

The four cornerstones of type 2 diabetes treatment are diet, exercise, medications, and blood sugar monitoring.

The main goal of diabetes management is to maintain blood glucose levels as close to a normal range as possible.

Weight control, diet, and exercise are all important components of management. The most important and main treatment for type 2 diabetes is nutrition. Although some people with this type of diabetes are healthy, at least 80% are overweight or obese. Losing 5% to 10% of body weight can help lower blood glucose levels and heart disease risk. For many people, following a healthy diet and an exercise program may be needed to help control glucose levels.

For others, healthy eating and exercise alone aren't enough to lower blood glucose levels. They may need to take medications to keep glucose levels within a healthy range. Medications for type 2 diabetes are usually taken by mouth in the form of tablets and should always be taken as prescribed by the health care provider. However, if oral medications do not control blood glucose, a physician or primary health care provider may recommend insulin injections.

Gestational diabetes :

Gestational diabetes is diabetes diagnosed for the first time during pregnancy (gestation). Like other types of diabetes, gestational diabetes affects how your cells use sugar (glucose). Gestational diabetes causes high blood sugar that can affect your pregnancy and your baby's health.

Treatment of Gestational diabetes :

Gestational diabetes is described as having high blood glucose (sugar) diagnosed for the first time during pregnancy. Having high blood glucose during pregnancy puts the mother and baby at risk for certain complications. These can include higher birth weight, increased risk of having a cesarean section, and increased risk of dangerously low blood sugar in the baby immediately after birth.

Babies born to mothers with high blood glucose are also at risk of high insulin levels in the blood and long-term obesity and glucose intolerance when they get older. Because of these risks, physicians or primary health care providers will test pregnant women for high blood glucose, typically during the second and third trimesters of pregnancy. Some women at increased risk of developing gestational diabetes may be tested earlier on in their pregnancy.

Treatment for gestational diabetes includes:

Following a healthy meal plan. Consult a registered dietitian for the best way to ensure you are getting all the nutrients you need for a healthy pregnancy while keeping in mind the need to keep blood glucose levels normal and gain weight appropriately.
Exercising regularly. Physical activity will help keep you healthy. Ask your health care provider how much and what type of exercise you should do while pregnant.
Getting blood glucose testing. Blood tests and self-testing at home using blood glucose meters are important parts of the treatment plan for managing gestational diabetes because it allows you and your health care team to see how well your blood sugar is controlled.
Taking diabetes medication. If this is necessary, insulin is the medication of choice. Insulin is not usually used as the first treatment option - changing the diet and incorporating sensible physical activity are tried first. But if a woman's blood glucose levels are still not within the recommended target range, then insulin is used to help manage blood glucose levels.
less than 5.3 mmol/L for fasting blood glucose (blood glucose measured first thing in the morning)
less than 7.8 mmol/L for measurements 1 hour after eating
less than 6.7 mmol/L for measurements 2 hours after eating

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