Diabetes mellitus is a hereditary disease. It is actually a heterogeneous group of disorders which are characterized by elevated blood sugar level. Diabetics are unable to metabolise blood sugar in their body. They pass glucose in their urine. Diabetes is the leading cause of kidney failure, adult blindness, lower limb amputation and heart disease. There are two major types of diabetes: Type I is IDDM or insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. Type II is NIDDM or non insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. Type I is also calledvJuvenile diabetes because it usually occurs in age before 40. It arises due to deficiency of pancreatic hormone insulin that normally routes blood Glucose to cells for use. Type I is an autoimmune disorder. The immune system backfires and manufactures auto immune response. T cells of immune system attack pancreas and destroy insulin producing beta cells. As a result pancreas does not produce insulin. Diabetes type I must receive exogenous (from outside source) insulin to survive. Progress is being made in understanding the genetic basis of this disease. The insulin gene is located on short arm of chromosome 11. Polymorphism and genetic variations within this locus is responsible for diabetes type I susceptibility. But today it is no more just a recessive exogenous insulin to survive. Diabetes mellitus type II is non insulin dependent. It accounts for 90% of all diabetic patients. These persons produce some endogenous insulin themselves, but their body cells gradually fail to respond to insulin and cannot take up glucose from blood. They develop a sort of insulin resistance. It occurs among people over the age of 40 and is more common among the obese. Obesity increases insulin resistance. Pregnancy diabetes develops in women during pregnancy. Diabetes during pregnancy is actually typed 2 diabetes. Most of the time, this type of diabetes disappears after the baby is born. However, if you have ever had gestational diabetes, you have a greater chance of developing type 2 diabetes later in life.
Examples of diabetes:
Uncommon forms include monogenic diabetes, a genetic form of diabetes, and an external link associated with cystic fibrosis.
Percentage census of diabetes is as follows:
As of 2015, 30.3 million people in the United States, or 9.4 percent of the population, had diabetes. More than one in four of them did not know they had the disease. Diabetes affects one in four people over the age of 65. About 90-95 percent of cases in adults are type 2 diabetes.1
Following are some syptoms of developing type of diabetes:
You are more likely to develop a type of diabetes if you are 45 years or older, have a history of diabetes, or are overweight. Physical inactivity, race, and certain health problems such as high blood pressure also affect your chances of developing type 2 diabetes. You are more likely to develop diabetes if you have prediabetes or have gestational diabetes during pregnancy. Learn more about the risk factors for type 2 diabetes.
Following are problems of health or disease related to diabetes:
Over time, high blood glucose leads to such problems
Stroke
Kidney disease
Eye problems
Dental disease
Emotional trauma
Foot problems At last we can conclude that diabetes mellitus may prove to be fatal if not taken seriously. So the only best option left to treat it is regular exercise.
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