Helth desk- Diabetes is a disease caused by a deficiency or lack of a digestive endocrine hormone called insulin, or due to further ability or resistance of cells to use insulin.
In this disease the process of digestion and metabolism of dietary elements like carbohydrate, fat and protein gets disturbed. Before having a specific discussion in this regard, get information about the location of the pancreas gland in the body and the function of its insulin.
The pancreas is a digestive gland located in the upper part of the pelvis, just below the stomach and just above the pancreas. This gland is made up of units called lobules. There are two types of cells in each lobule. Endocrine and exocrine. Endocrine cells are also called Langerhans's archipelago. The beta cells of the island cells make insulin, while the alpha cells make a secretion called glucagon. The effect of which is opposite to that of insulin.
Functions of insulin in the body
Digestion of carbohydrates present in our diet takes place in the intestines. Digestion causes the breakdown of carbohydrates and forms a variety of sugars, in which glucose is the main one. This glucose is absorbed from the endoderm of the intestines and gets into the blood. As a result, the amount of glucose in the blood starts increasing. Insulin transports this glucose within each cell of the body. It is because of this glucose form of nutrition that life reactions continue in the body's cells. In short, just as coal fuel is needed to keep the railway engine running. Similarly, the body needs glucose to keep the internal processes of the body's blood going. Insulin is essential for the entry of glucose fuel into the corpuscular engine.
If the amount of glucose in the blood is more than the requirements of the cells, then insulin converts it into glycogen or fat and stores it in the liver or fat cells.
Insulin secretion is also possible with the metabolism of dietary fat and protein. Fatty acids are formed from the fat in the diet when it is digested. Insulin converts these acids into fat and stores it in fat cells. In addition, insulin inhibits the re-conversion of stored fat into fatty acids. Apart from this, insulin is also necessary for the manufacture of proteins in the body. If there is a lack of insulin, the body cannot make up for the proteins that are destroyed during daily processes.
Insulin then acts either independently or in combination with other secretions. Whose address has not yet been fully found.
Based on the above facts, it can be said that the most obvious and main function of insulin is to control the glucose in the blood. There is a certain amount of glucose in our blood. After consuming the diet, the amount of glucose in the blood starts increasing. At that time, due to the secretion of insulin in the body, the surface of glucose located in the blood does not increase improperly.
If there is a lack or lack of insulin, the glucose in the blood cannot enter the various cells of the body or it cannot be converted into glycogen. As a result, the amount of glucose in the blood increases.
When blood flows through the urinary nodules. Then the kidneys do not allow glucose to pass out with urine. But when the amount of glucose in the blood becomes excessive, then the glucose crosses the limit of the working power of the urinary bodies and starts going out of the body with urine. Therefore the urine of a diabetic patient is sweet.
Now let us again think about the nutrition of bodily cells-
Normally, the nutritional needs of cells are met through glucose. But when people are unable to receive glucose due to lack of insulin or when they do not accept glucose due to resistance against insulin, then a situation like starvation arises. At that time, the body breaks down the stored fat and protein and tries to transport them to the cells in order to nourish them. Due to the destruction of proteins located in the nerves, symptoms like tiredness and weakness arise in diabetes. Here the weight of the diabetic patient starts decreasing due to the destruction of fat.
While giving the definition of diabetes at the beginning of the present episode, 2 types of diabetes have been mentioned. (1) Diabetes arising due to insufficient insulin and (2) Diabetes arising as a result of resistance to insulin in the body. . Type I diabetes is called insulin based or childhood diabetes. Whereas type II diabetes is called insulin neutral or adult diabetes. The first type of diabetes typically appears in boys or young women and is more severe. The second type of diabetes usually appears in people of old age and is mild. About 99% of the people living with diabetes in India have type 2 diabetes.
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