What is diabetes and its diet modification

What is diabetes and its diet modification

What is diabetes: Diabetes mellitus is a group of diseases characterized by high blood glucose concentrations that result from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. Abnormalities or defects in carbohydrate, protein and *** metabolism are also present.

How does diabetes affect the human body? Individuals with diabetes whose bodies do not produce or respond to insulin, a hormone produced by the beta cells of the pancreas that is essential for the body's use or storage of fuel. Without effective insulin, hyperglycemia (elevated blood sugar levels) occurs, which can lead to serious complications and premature death. But, it can be controlled with some dietary and lifestyle modifications. The following are the most common symptoms of diabetes: - increased thirst - frequent urination - increased appetite - feeling tired all the time; Excessive fatigue. - changes in vision; - skin diseases; - itching or numbness that you may feel around the sides of your hands or feet; - disorders of the gums; - Hair loss and many more.

There are different types of diabetes; Type I diabetes (diabetes mellitus or insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus): Upon diagnosis, such people are often lean and experience extreme thirst, frequent urination, and unintentional weight loss.

The primary defect is pancreatic B-cell destruction, which usually causes complete insulin deficiency and results in hyperglycemia, polyuria (excessive urination), polydipsia (excessive thirst), weight loss, dehydration, ketoacidosis and electrolyte imbalance. Type II diabetes (insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus or diabetes mellitus onset in adults): This is a type of diabetes usually occurring in individuals over the age of 30, formerly known as NID DM, (non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus). Was known by name. It is usually a hereditary disease.

This is a more common type than other types of diabetes. Conditions associated with type 2 diabetes include elevated blood sugar levels and low blood sugar levels.

Type 2 diabetes accounts for about 90 to 95 percent of all cases of diabetes mellitus. 2/3 of people with type 2 diabetes have no symptoms. The rate of beta cell destruction is variable, such that it is mainly slow in adults and rapid in infants and children.

The ability of a healthy pancreas to secrete insulin is far beyond what is normally needed; Its clinical onset may therefore extend beyond an extensive asymptomatic period of months to years. During this period, beta cells are gradually being destroyed. Pre-diabetes, this is a stage of impaired glucose homeostasis involving IF G, (impaired fasting glucose) and IGST (impaired glucose tolerance), referred to as pre-diabetes. People with pre-diabetes can have both IF G, and IGST.  These individuals should be closely monitored as they are at high risk of developing diabetes and CVD (heart disease) in the future.

Gestational diabetes, this is a type of diabetes that can be diagnosed in some women during pregnancy. If left unchecked, diabetes can lead to many problems, such as kidney damage, heart disease, nerve damage, hypoglycemia (severe hypoglycemia).

Diabetes is a dangerous disease and there is no cure for it. However, it can be controlled with a diabetic special diet.

Diabetes or Calorie Controlled Diet: It regulates calories, carbohydrates, proteins and is consumed in balanced amounts to meet nutritional needs, regulate blood sugar levels and control weight.

Portion control is used at mealtimes as outlined in the American Dietetic Association "Exchange List for Meal Planning." -The most commonly used calorie levels are 1200, 1500, 1800, 2000 kcal.

The goals of medical nutritional therapy for people with diabetes include: - Maintain optimum blood sugar level. Maintain a balanced lipid profile that lowers the risk of heart diseases. -Maintain normal blood pressure levels to reduce the risk of vascular disease.

Treat chronic complications: Eat a balanced diet to prevent obesity, CVD, hypertension and nephropathy. Choose nutritious food and include physical activities in your daily routine.