Day by day the situation of India's coronavirus is getting worse, for example 70 thousand cases are being registered daily, and so far 35 lakh cases have come, due to coronavirus, and 60 thousand deaths have taken place due to this. Seeing all this, the question must also come in your mind that, what is the option to stop it, can we stop it Yes, you all have only one answer to these questions, that is Vaccine or Herd Immunity.
What is a vaccine, and how does it work?
Vaccine is a type of medicine, which is applied to prevent a disease in a human being, until he has got that disease, understand something like this. Vaccine is given to a person when he is healthy. And a medicine is given when he has got that disease, the work of the vaccine is very simple.
Dead or weakened viruses of a disease are put inside a vaccine, so that our immune system makes antibodies for that disease and if the next time it comes back in our body, then our antibodies eliminate it.
But, or there is a new way, to fight diseases, and it is also effective to a great extent, we have eliminated many diseases like polio etc.
What are antibodies?
Antibodies are normally available in our body, against every disease, but they take a long time to form, they work, if any unknown virus or bacteria comes in the body, then eliminate it, and do not let it go inside. So that it does not harm us, it takes a few days for the formation of Anti bodies it takes time, And these antibodies make up our immune system, after understanding a virus or bacteria well, and antibodies are the only thing that helps us to avoid a disease, and also to defeat them.
What is herd immunity, and how does it work?
This is an age-old method, to end an epidemic, Herd Immunity is a method in which nothing is done to stop the epidemic, and it is allowed to spread, that epidemic itself stops, like understand that if the population of a country is 100 people, then if 80 people in that country have one. Illness is gone so now that disease cannot be spread to other people, in this way our human generation has progressed, and has reached this far today, we have ended all the epidemics like this, because of herd Immunity, but it has to be known a lot. It goes, then we have to sacrifice millions of lives to get a herd Immunity. By going, we will get this herd immunity. But, in this corona epidemic, we cannot take the help of herd Immunity, because now we have developed a lot, and now we cannot bear to go through so many lives.
Treating Epidemics in the Past
Coronavirus is not the only pandemic, every 100 years there is an epidemic in this world, like the Spanish flu of 1918 which killed millions, but every time we win from epidemics only because of Herd Immunity.
Many are known to get herd immunity. And we have started using Vaccine only after 1900. And sometimes we haven't even stopped the epidemic, like The Black Death. This epidemic may still happen, if it escalates.
Why does it take so long for a vaccine to arrive?
So you people must be thinking that, if vaccine is an option, then why don't we make vaccine, why don't we make vaccine and distribute it among people so that this epidemic stops, the simple answer is, test is in making a vaccine. There are many stages, exploratory stage, pre-clinical trial and clinical trials.
Exploratory Stage
This is the first step in making a vaccine, in this the vaccine is designed, after looking at the virus, all the information about the virus is taken and seen, and some such medicines are made against it, which makes it a little weak. It can be done, all this happens about its RNA, which is taken from Viruses. It happens in a very short time, it takes only 10-15 days to get it, after getting it, the vaccine is made, but now it goes to the pre-clinical stage. And it takes at least 1 month for a vaccine to be made.
Pre-clinical trials
This would have been the second stage to make a vaccine, in which it is basically tested on animals, animals such as monkeys, rats are vaccinated, and this test comes in them.
That they do not see any bad effect of it, and some side effects are not visible on their body, and it is not harmful for them, and in the end can we give it further, In clinical phrase to humans. A vaccine takes 1 to 2 months, and sometimes years, to be successfully released at this stage.
Clinical trials
This is the last phase to test a vaccine, and it is also being tested in three different pastures, that is also done on humans, which is healthy, that is also phase three. 1 Clinical trials, 2 Clinical trials and 3 Clinical trials.
In this, doses of vaccine are given to people at a very small level, 10 to 100 people are given doses of vaccine in it, mostly more, and it is seen here, and it is seen that there are no side effects on humans. If it has the least effect on humans, then this vaccine would go to the second stages. This may also take 1 to 2 months.
In this phase, the vaccine is also given to 100 to 1000 people, and it is also seen here that there are no side effects of the vaccine, when the vaccine is successful in both the phases, then it goes to the third phase. This may also take 2 to 3 months.
In this, the vaccine is given to people on a very large scale, about 10000 to 15000 people are given this vaccine, and in this also it is checked that there are no side effects of the vaccine in all types of humans.
When a vaccine comes out successfully from all three stages, without any side effects or with minimal effect, then certification or order has to be taken from the government and big organizations to produce it. That too takes 2-3 months.
It takes at least 5 to 6 months to produce a vaccine on a large scale and in these 5-6 months, a company can make 100 crore doses, there are some companies like Serum Institute which can make up to 150 doses. Huh.
Looking at all this, now you can think that it takes at least 1 year to make a vaccine.
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