Colorectal cancer, also known as colon cancer, is cancer that starts in the colon or rectum (the last part of the colon). Small benign or precancerous growths called polyps usually form on the lining of the colon or rectum and progress slowly over the years. Over time, these polyps can grow and become cancerous. Although the exact cause of colon cancer is unknown, certain factors increase the risk of developing colon cancer, including: 1. Age: The risk of developing colon cancer increases significantly after age 50. 2. Meals: A diet high in red and processed meat, saturated fat, and low in fiber is associated with an increased risk of colon cancer. 3. Obesity: Being overweight or obese increases your risk of developing colon cancer. Four. Family history: If a first-degree relative (parent, sibling, or child) has colon cancer, the risk of developing the disease is increased. 5. Personal background: People who have had colon cancer in the past have an increased risk of developing colon cancer again. Symptoms of colorectal cancer include changes in bowel habits, blood in the stool, abdominal pain or cramps, unexplained weight loss, and fatigue. Screening tests, such as colonoscopy, can detect colorectal cancer early, which is easier to treat. Treatment for colorectal cancer may include surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, or a combination of these. The ;for colorectal cancer depends on the stage of diagnosis and treatment. If detected early, the 5-year survival rate for colorectal cancer is about 90%.

When does colon cancer start?

Colon cancer begins as small growths called polyps. These polyps can become cancerous over time if not removed. The process from polyp to cancer can take years and usually depends on the type of polyp and how fast it grows. People over the age of 50 or people with a family history of colorectal cancer are encouraged to have regular screenings and tests to identify potential problems early. Risk factors for colon cancer include a personal history of colon polyps or colon cancer, a family history of colon cancer, a diet high in red or processed meat, smoking, and obesity. Regular screening tests, such as fecal occult blood tests, colonoscopy, sigmoidoscopy, and CT iconography, can help detect early-stage colorectal cancer, which is most treatable. It is important to see a doctor as soon as possible if symptoms such as changes in bowel habits, abdominal pain, blood in the stool, or unexplained weight loss occur.

Surgical resection, in which the cancer is surgically removed, is the treatment of choice for colorectal cancer. Surgery is done to completely remove the cancer and, if possible, repair the bowel so that bowel function is normal or nearly normal after surgery.

Remembered that Semi Jamal, also known as Iron Lady, Bullet Lady, was a Pakistani physician and former Executive Director of Jinnah Graduate Medical Center. Earlier this year, Pakistan MP Semi Jamal was diagnosed with colon cancer and was undergoing treatment. He was being treated for colon cancer at a private hospital in Karachi. However, his condition gradually deteriorated, and he died on May 27, 2023.