It is clear that climate change is already affecting human rights. the impact will only grow in the years to come.
Kumi Naidoo, General Secretary of Amnesty International
Millions of people are already suffering due to the catastrophic effects of climate change - from the prolonged drought in sub-Saharan Africa to tropical cyclones in Southeast Asia, the Caribbean, and the Pacific. During the Northern Hemisphere's summer months in 2018, communities from the Arctic Circle to Greece, Japan, Pakistan, and the USA experienced severe storms and wildfires that left hundreds dead.
While we are well aware of climate change and its impact on our natural world, it is an old-fashioned degradation of humanity, making it an urgent human rights issue. It will integrate and magnify existing inequalities. And its effects will continue to grow and worsen over time, wreaking havoc on the present and future generations. That is why the government's failure to act on climate change in the face of overwhelming scientific evidence is likely to be a significant violation of human rights throughout history.
WHAT IS CLIMATE CHANGE?
The planet's climate changes over time, with varying degrees of global warming.
However, the current warming period occurs much faster than any previous event. It has become clear that humankind has created the warmth of the last century by releasing greenhouse gases - often called hot gases - into our modern life. We do this by burning fossil fuels, agriculture and land use, and other factors that contribute to climate change. Extremely high levels of greenhouse gases were present some 800,000 years ago. This rapid rise is a problem because it is changing our climate at an alarming rate to make biodiversity more compatible.
Climate change includes rising temperatures and extreme weather events, rising sea levels, changing wildlife communities and habitats, and other impacts.
WHAT CAUSES CLIMATE CHANGE?
We are people who want the same thing that other people want - a safe place to live in this world that we call home. So while our work must continue to be impartial and meaningful, as we raise our voices, we add to the clear message that climate change is real and people are responsible, the consequences are dire, and we must take action now.
KATHARINE HAYHOE, CLIMATE SCIENTIST
There is excellent scientific consensus that global warming is mainly manufactured: 97% of astronomers have reached this conclusion.
One of their biggest concerns so far is the burning of two fuels - coal, gas, and oil - which has increased the concentration of greenhouse gases - such as carbon dioxide - in our atmosphere. This, combined with other activities such as logging in agriculture, causes the average temperature of our planet to rise. Scientists are convinced that there is a link between greenhouse gases and global warming, as there is a link between smoking and lung cancer.
This is not the latest conclusion. The scientific community has collected and studied data for this for decades. Warnings for global warming began to make headlines after the 1980s.
In 1992, 165 countries signed an international agreement, the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). Since then, they have held annual meetings (called the "Event Conference" or COP) to formulate goals and strategies to reduce climate change and adapt to current results. Today, 197 countries are detained by the UNFCCC.
WHAT ARE THE EFFECTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE?
Most of the Wilmington community earns less, so heat waves are more dangerous because they cannot afford cool air. And because they are close to refineries and oil fields, they have to close their windows.
Alicia Rivera, community activist and climate activist, USA
The effects of climate change are now visible, but they will only get worse. Global temperatures have reached nearly 1 ° C above pre-industrial levels. Whenever global warming is calculated at a rate (or below).
It is important to remember that not a single list of the effects of climate change can end. It is possible that heatwaves will appear more frequently and last longer and that extreme weather events will be more intense and more common in many regions. The seas will continue to warm and expand, and the mean sea level will continue to rise. All of this will happen, and it is starting to harm a person's health.
The urgent need to address climate change has become even more evident with the release of a significant report in October 2018 by the world's leading climate change organization, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). The IPCC warns that to avoid catastrophic global warming, we must not reach 1.5 ° C above pre-industrial levels - or at least not exceed that. The report places a significant difference between the conditions of 1.5 ° C and 2 ° C.
Working to limit the average temperature to 1.5 ° C, the IPCC says, for example, we can:
to reduce the number of people exposed to climate-related risks and to be poor by 2000 million by 2050;
to protect 10 million people from maritime hazards;
reducing the global population caused by the increase in water pressure by up to 50%, or one in 25 people worldwide.
Perhaps most importantly, the IPCC report has given the world a clear deadline for disaster risk reduction: greenhouse gas emissions must be halved from their 2010 levels by 2030 to avoid reaching 1.5 ° C. Our governments must do just that.
Who will be affected
The health effects of global warming will vary from country to country. The loss of years of healthy living in low-income countries in Africa, for example, is expected to be 500 times higher than in Europe. The fourth survey report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change concluded that adverse health outcomes are more likely in low-income countries and high-risk populations. (such as water scarcity and soil erosion), but also due to increased diversity in economic conditions, social and social levels, political power, and environmental dependence.8 9
These health risks are unique and reflect the broader problem of access to land and domestic "public goods." Most of the arable land in the world is now privately developed; stocks of wildlife (fish, animals, and wildlife) are declining as human and commercial pressures increase; and freshwater is becoming more and more expensive. Therefore, social policies should pay more attention to the health inequalities that flow from unequal access to the basics of the environment.
Access to safe drinking water indicates a point about the discovery of something that, historically, was the norm: 1.1 billion people lack safe drinking water, 2.6 billion do not have access to basic sanitation such as arsenic as a cause of skin color, hyperkeratosis, heart disease, neuropathy, and cancer.
The role of social conditions
The relationship between genetic predisposition to health risks and inequality is complex. Environmental degradation is detrimental to health, and a lack of health care (for example, malnutrition or a decrease in staff from AIDS) can exacerbate ecological abuse. This results in unequal exposure to life-threatening risks and health consequences.
India provides an excellent example of the complexity of this relationship. The average life expectancy is relatively low, but it is expected to improve both industrial and modern. Industrialization contributes to the rapid increase in coal burning in India, and further additions to land emissions and climate change increase the health risks around the world. These health risks will affect the wworld'smost vulnerable people.
Risks to human health from mutations have far-reaching effects on prevention strategies (fig. Fig.). Globalization is leading to the loss of natural resources. Therefore, the resolution of these risks requires a different approach to that used for the most common challenges posed by the period of moderate and variable environmental pollution.
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