What is Capital Gains and How to calculate Capital Gains?

In simple language, Capital Gain can be defined by any profit received through the Sale of any Capital Asset (which is defined under sec 2(14) ).

We can also say that.

  1. There should be Capital Asset
  2. And it is transferred by the Assessee
  3. Such transfer takes place during the previous year
  4. And Profits and Gains arising from the transfer of Capital Asset

 

 MEANING OF ASSESSEE

 Assessee means any person liable to pay tax or any other sum (fees, penalty) under Income Tax Act,   1961.

 MEANING OF PREVIOUS YEAR

 The year in which income is earned is known as the previous year.

 The previous year means the Financial year immediately preceding the Assessment year. The Previous year shall be the period from 1st April to 31st march except in the case of Newly set up Business and Profession, in this case, the period beginning from the date of setting up of the business and profession and ending on the last date of the previous year, i.e., 31st March.

 

What is Capital Asset

Definition of Capital Assets is given under section 2(14), it means:-

  • Any Property
  • Any securities held by Foreign Institutional Investor which has invested by a regulation made by SEBI Act,1992

 

EXCEPTION:-

1) Any Stock in trade (held by Assessee for Business and Profession)

2) Movable Personal Asset (like Car, TV, Refrigerator, etc.) ( Any immovable property of an Assessee is not a             Personal effect)

 

Except:- It means following are the Capital Asset:-

  1. Jewelry
  2. Archeological collection
  3. Paintings
  4. Drawings
  5. Sculptures
  6. Any work of art

3) Rural Agricultural Land in India

4) Gold deposit bonds issued under Gold Deposit Scheme

5) Deposit certificates issued under Gold Monetisation Scheme

 

TYPES OF CAPITAL ASSET

1) Long Term Capital Asset (If Asset Is Held for More Than 1/2/3 Years)

2) Short Term Capital Asset(If Asset is Held for 1/2/3 Years or Less)

 

NATURE OF ASSET

CAPITAL ASSETS YEARS
SECURITY LISTED IN RECOGNISED STOCK EXCHANGE  1 year
UNIT OF EQUITY-ORIENTED FUND     1 year
UNIT OF UTI ZERO COUPON BOND  1 year
UNLISTED SHARES 2 years
IMMOVABLE PROPERTY 2 years
UNIT OF DEBT-ORIENTED FUND   3 years
ANY OTHER ASSETS 3 years

 

TYPES OF CAPITAL GAIN

  1. LONG TERM CAPITAL GAIN:- Profit And Gains arising from the transfer of Long Term Capital Assets.
  2. SHORT TERM CAPITAL GAINS:- Profit And Gains arising from the Transfer of Short Term Capital Assets.

 

HOW TO CALCULATE CAPITAL GAIN

Short Term  Capital Gain Or Capital Loss

Full Value of Consideration( Sale Value)

Less:- Expenditure Incurred Wholly and Exclusively

           In Connection with Such Transfer ( Transfer Expenses)

Less:-  Cost of Acquisition

Less:- Cost of Improvement

 

Long  Term  Capital Gain Or Capital Loss:-

Full Value of Consideration( Sale Value)

Less:- Expenditure Incurred Wholly and Exclusively

           In Connection with Such Transfer ( Transfer Expenses)

Less:-  Indexed Cost of Acquisition

Less:-  Indexed Cost of Improvement

 

EXAMPLE:-

Mr. Y has a Plot of which Details are as Under:-

Purchase Date:-    8/09/2019

Purchase Value:-   Rs. 8,50,000/-

Cost of Improvement:-   Rs. 1,05,000/-

 Sale Date:-     06/05/2020

 Sell Value                   :-  Rs.16,50,000/-

 Transfer expenses:-  Rs 2,500/-

 

 Capital Gain Calculations are as Under:-

Full Value of Consideration( Sale Value)                                                       Rs.16,50,000

Less:- Expenditure Incurred Wholly and Exclusively

           In Connection with Such Transfer ( Transfer Expenses)                     Rs.       2,500

Less:-  Cost of Acquisition                                                                             Rs.   8,50,000

Less:- Cost of Improvement                                                                           Rs.  1,05,000

Short Term Capital Gains                                                                              Rs. 6,92,500

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