Main categories of cancer:
Carcinoma: A form of cancer that develops in the skin or in the tissues that surround or cover the levels of internal organs.
Sarcoma: A cancer that begins in bone, cartilage, fat, muscle, blood vessels, or other connective tissue or accessory.
Leukemia is a type of cancer that starts in the bone marrow, which produces the blood's red blood cells, then spreads to other tissues.
Myeloma and lymphoma are cancers that arise in immune system cells.
Cancer that begins in the tissues of the brain and spinal cord is referred to as central nervous system cancer.
Origin of cancer
All types of cancer begin in cells, which are the basic unit of life in the body. To understand cancer, it is useful to find out what happens when normal cells turn into cancer cells.
Benign tumors:
These are not cancerous tumors. Often they can be removed from the body and in most cases, they do not come back again. Cells in benign tumors do not spread to other parts of the body.
Malignant tumors: These are cancerous tumors, and the cells of these tumors can invade surrounding tissue and spread to other parts of the body. The spread of cancer from one part of the body to another is called metastasis.
Leukemia: It is a cancer of the bone marrow and blood, not a tumor.
Symptoms of cancer:
Tightness or lump in the breast or any other part of the body.
A new mole or a change to an existing mole.
Any soreness that cannot be cured.
Hoarseness or coughing.
Changes in bowel or bladder habits.
Feeling discomfort after meals.
Difficulty swallowing.
Increase or decrease in weight without any reason.
Abnormal bleeding or discharge.
Feeling weak or feeling very tired.
Usually, these symptoms do not occur due to cancer. These can be caused by benign tumors or other problems. Only doctors can tell them exactly. Whoever has these symptoms or other health changes, should be seen by a doctor to find out immediately. Usually, early cancer does not hurt. If you have symptoms of cancer, do not wait to see a pain to see a doctor.
Cancer prevention
Some ways to reduce the risk of getting cancer are:
Do not use tobacco products.
Eat less fat and use more vegetables, fruits and whole grains.
Do regular exercise.
Laboratory test
With the help of blood, urine, or other fluids the doctor may examine it. These tests can detect how well the organs are functioning. In addition, heavy amounts of some substances also indicate cancer. These substances are often called tumor markers. However, abnormal laboratory results are not definitive signs of cancer. One should not rely only on laboratory tests to check for cancer.
Imaging process
It photographs the areas inside the body, or helps the doctor know if a tumor is present in the body. These imaging can be done in several ways:
X-rays: X-rays are the most common way of looking at the organs and bones inside the body.
CT scan: In this method an X-ray machine is attached to a computer, which makes a series of detailed images of organs with a contrast material. These pictures are easy to read.
Radionuclide scan: It involves imaging by injecting a small amount of radioactive material. It flows through blood and gets deposited in some bones or organs. A machine called a scanner measures and detects radioactivity. The scanner makes images of bones or organs on a computer screen or on film. Soon radioactive material is released from the body.
MRI: It is used to make detailed images of body parts from a computer connected to a strong magnet. Doctors can view these pictures on a monitor and print them on film.
PET scan: After injecting a small amount of radioactive material, a special machine makes drawings to show chemical activities in the body. Cancer cells sometimes appear as areas of high activity.
Doctors are required to perform a biopsy to check for cancer. For biopsy, a sample of tissue is taken from the identified tumor and sent to the laboratory for examination. The pathologist looks at those tissues with the help of a microscope.
Cancer treatment process
Cancer therapy includes surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, bacterial therapy and biological therapy. Depending on the type of cancer condition, the doctor may adopt a single or combined procedure. How much the disease has spread, the age of the patient and general health and other elements also have to be taken into consideration.
Biopsy
Sampling can be taken in several ways:
By needle: The doctor uses a needle to remove tissue or fluid.
Endoscope: The doctor uses a thin, lighted tube (endoscope) to view the areas inside the body. Doctors can receive tissue or cells through a tube.
Through surgery : Surgery may involve cutting or incision.
In a biopsy to be cut, the surgeon removes the entire tumor. Often some of the normal tissue surrounding the tumor is removed.
In an incised biopsy, the surgeon removes only part of the tumor. If the symptom or test result indicates cancer, the doctor finds out whether it is due to cancer or some other reason.
18F sodium fluoride bone scan
Blood cancer Overactive hepatitis (leukemia) is a cancer of the blood or bone marrow. Blood cells start to grow abnormally, especially white blood cells.
Symptoms:
Excessive bleeding.
Anemia
Other symptoms like fever, inertia, night sweats and flu
Weakness and fatigue.
Loss of appetite and weight loss.
Swollen gums or bleeding from them.
Nervous Symptoms in Headache
Enlarged liver and spleen.
Easily scratched and frequent infection.
Joint pain.
Swollen glands (tonsils).
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