Cancer is a disease caused by the uncontrolled division of abnormal cells in any part of the body. Cancer cells have the potential to invade or spread to other parts of the body. Possible symptoms of this disease are lump formation, abnormal bleeding, chronic cough, unexplained weight loss, and changes in bowel movements. However, these symptoms can also arise due to some other reason.
Cancer is a serious disease. More than 100 types of cancer affect humans. Around the world in 2015
90-5 million people were infected with cancer, and about 9 million people died due to this.
Cancer is not just a disease, but it is a group of diseases that have some characteristics, which are as follows-
(1) There is an abnormal growth of cells in this.
(2) It has the ability to attack the surrounding tissues and organs.
(3) In the end, there comes a stage of the tumor when it cannot be removed, and the person may die.
Types of cancer -----
Cancer is mainly divided into the following parts-
(1) Carcinoma- Carcinoma is cancer that develops from epithelial cells. These epithelial cells mainly form the inner surface of the body part and the skin's outer surface. The parts of the body whose inner surface makes up are abundant, such as the mouth, Oesophagus, Intestines, Uterus, etc.
(2) Sarcoma- Sarcoma is cancer that develops from mesodermal cells. Mesodermal cells from the connective tissue include bone, cartilage, fat, fibrous tissue, etc.
(3) Lymphoma, Myeloma, and Leukemia - Lymphoma, Myeloma, and Leukemia are cancers that develop from cells of bone marrow and the immune system.
Diagnosis of cancer ------
Cancer cells divide abnormally, and the main feature of this division is that the number of cells increases due to this division, and a lump is formed at that place, which is characterized by the fact that it occurs without any purpose, that is, without any purpose. This type of division is not needed by the body, and this growth is not controlled in any way, that is, autonomous growth.
In most cancer diseases, a tumor or tumor formation is the first sign of the disease. A prey invades nearby or distant organs or tissues; As it progresses, more symptoms appear. A primary tumor indicates that the cancer is in the same organ where it has developed. The secondary tumor indicates that the tumor has now spread and is in the places where it originated.
Has not happened.
Cause of cancer -------
There are many reasons for the occurrence of cancer. These causes may be environmental or may be genetic.
(A) Environmental factors - Environmental factors are considered the cause of 80-90 percent of cancers
. Some of the major factors that come under this are as follows-
(1) Tobacco - Tobacco in any of its forms can cause cancer; Such as smoking, eating tobacco, etc. The major cancers caused by tobacco are Lung Cancer, Oral Cancer, Bladder Cancer, and Kidney Cancer.
(2) Alcohol - Due to excessive alcohol consumption, many types of cancer can occur, the main ones being - Liver cancer, Colon-rectal cancer, etc.
(3) Factors related to food - There are many factors related to food, which can cause cancer. Stomach cancer can be caused due to smoked fish, due to high fatty food, breast cancer can occur. Apart from this, many types of cancer can be caused by many other types of food items.
Substances such as Benzene, Arsenic, Cadmium, etc. (4) Factors related to occupation- There are many types of occupations. A person has to contact many such substances, due to which continuous contact can cause many types of cancer to the person.
(5) Viruses - Viruses can be the cause of many types of cancer. It has been found that liver cancer is caused by Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C virus. Similarly, due to HIV, a person can have Kaposi sarcoma. Similarly, many viruses give rise to many types of cancer.
(B) Genetic factors - Many cancers can occur due to genetic reasons, but a lot of research is still needed on this subject. Its importance in many cancers is still not known. Genetic causes are of great importance in many major cancers; For example, retinoblastoma (cancer that occurs in children) is more likely to occur in members of the same family.
Any one of the above-mentioned reasons cannot be said to be the only reason for cancer. Still, cancer occurs due to many reasons, whose relationship is complicated to define.
Symptoms of cancer ------
The symptoms of different types of cancer cannot be described but are seen in a general way. Some symptoms of cancer are found in every cancer; like-
Lump formation - Tumors mostly form lumps. Due to this growth of the tumor, normal cells are gradually destroyed due to these growing cells, and the functioning of that organ or body part gradually decreases. For example, if cancer is in a gland, then gradually, there is a decrease in the hormones produced by that gland.
She goes. Some symptoms may arise due to this lump: For example, if the lump is in the stomach, it can block the passage of food in the stomach, and patients can come to the doctor with these symptoms.
Tumors can also be manifested by a variety of other symptoms. Such as blood coming from the mouth, lung cancer, blood in stool in stomach cancer, blood in urine in kidney cancer. Bleeding indicates the destructive nature of cancer. When a tumor grows, it destroys things around it, including blood vessels, causing bleeding.
Treatment of cancer ------
The treatment of cancer depends on its type and its stage. In the stage of cancer, it is known how much it has grown and how much it has spread from its original place? If the cancer is confined to one place and has not spread, it can be treated by surgery. This method is often adopted in skin cancer. If cancer has spread to the local lymph nodes, this can also be removed by surgery. If cancer cannot be completely removed by surgery, it can be done by treatment with radiotherapy, chemotherapy, or both. Some cancers can be removed with a combination of surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy.
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