Atmospheric pollution
Introduction
Pollution is the contamination of earth's environment that contaminates and interferes with human health and ecosystem functioning. Environmental pollution may be natural or due to human activities. The natural pollution is caused by volcanoes, storms, floods. While man-made pollution is diversified. Most of the environmental pollution is the result of human activities.
AIR POLLUTION
Air pollution is the addition of harmful substances in air that causes severe damage to the environment, human health and the quality of life. It is not a recent phenomenon; it dates back to ancient times. It became a major problem only during the industrial revolution. Since then the capacity of atmosphere to absorb huge quantity of pollutant gases is decreasing day by day and the atmosphere has been made a big dustbin of gaseous waste. Volcanic eruptions, vegetable decay and major forest fines are some activities taking place in nature, leading to pollution. Gases like carbon monoxide, oxides of nitrogen, sulfur dioxide, sulfuric acid, hydrocarbons and aerosols, are being constantly released in the atmosphere, leading to air pollution.
ACID RAIN
Acid rain is one of the most dangerous and widespread forms of pollution, which remains one of the industrialized world's most serious problems. Technically, acid rain is the rain that has a large amount of acid in it than what is normal.
GREENHOUSE EFFECT AND GLOBAL WARMING
It is the phenomenon of having higher temperature inside a greenhouse as compared to the outside temperature by allowing the solar energy to enter but preventing the escape of heat radiation from it. The earth's atmosphere is largely transparent to short-wavelength energy from the sun.
Some of this energy is absorbed by the earth's surface and the clouds, some of it is radiated in the form of heat and the rest is reflected back into the space. Several gases present in the atmosphere absorb this heat and prevent it from escaping, thus keeping the earth's atmosphere warm. Such gases are called "greenhouse gases" Because they contribute in trapping the heat within the atmosphere.
Sun's radiation have high energy, when these radiations reach earth's surface. Some energy is lost to the surrounding due to friction offered by earth's atmosphere.
A vast range of human activities, an ever-growing population and increased economic growth has accelerated greenhouse gas building in the future. Global increase in the atmospheric concentration of carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide, methane and CFCs have been discovered to contribute a lot in the tropospheric and stratospheric chemistry.
Soaps and detergents
Soaps: these are sodium Or potassium salts of higher fatty acids.
Detergents: these are the sodium salts of alkyl sulfuric acids. They can form lather even with hard water because they do not form scum, as either calcium and magnesium salts are soluble in water.
Removal of hardness of water:
The process of removal of hardness of water is called softening of water.
Oxygen depleting substances like chlorofluorocarbons, nitrogen oxides, chlorine, carbon tetrachloride, Convert ozone to oxygen.
Acid rain is the rain that has a larger amount of acid in it than what is normal.
The presence of ozone blanket in the upper atmosphere also called ionosphere prevents the harmful ultraviolet radiations from reaching our planet earth.
Nutrients leaching occurs when acid rains adds hydrogen ions to the soil which interact chemically with existing minerals
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