If you are a computer science student or you want to become an Android App Developer, You need to know about the basics of Android, such as What is android, its type or versions, why we use Android, the History of Android, and other basic things.
By now, most people know there are two prominent mobile operating systems: Google's Android and Apple's iOS. There used to be a lot more, but now every major mobile Device runs on Android.
What is Android:-
Google Own Android. Android is a mobile operating system that has been around for nearly 15 years. You will Primarily find it as the base operating system of phones and tablets around the world. However, the system is open-source .which makes it freely accessible to anyone, even for commercial use.
Android is a Linux-based Operating system designed primarily for touch screen devices such as Smartphones, tablets, and computers. Released in late 2008. Now Android runs millions of smartphones or devices. Currently, android is the most valuable brand All over the world. Android is now owned by Google.
Android is by far the world's most popular operating system. Estimates suggest it runs on 2.5 billion active devices across the globe, with over three billion users or roughly 39% of the entire global population.
There are over three million applications that work on Android. Most of these apps can be found on the official Google Play Store, but you can also sideload apps from the web. This variety makes Android phones very powerful and customizable, and susceptible to viruses and other types of malware.
History / Versions of Android:-
The development of the Android operating system was started in 2003; It was purchased by Google in 2005. The version history of the Android mobile operating system began with the public release of the Android beta on November 5, 2007. The first commercial version, Android 1.0, was released on September 23, 2008.
The first version of android was released on September 23, 2008, in a smartphone HTC dream. It Was the first device with an Android operating system . Some new features were Preinstalled in this device, such as Google Map, Google calendar, Google play store, Google Gmail, YouTube, etc.
The current version of Android id Android 12 was released on February 18, 2021.
The first public release of the Android operating system was on November 5, 2007, & the Commercial Version of Android 1.0 was released on September 23, 2008.
There are Various Versions of Android -
- Android 1.0 September 23, 2008
- Android 1.1 February 9, 2009
- Cupcake 1.5 April 27, 2009
- Donut 1.6 September 5, 2009
- Eclair 2.0-2.1 October 26, 2009
- Froyo 2.2-2.2.3 May 20, 2010
- Gingerbread 2.3-2.3.7 December 8, 2010
- Honeycomb 3.0-3.2.6 February 22, 2011
- Ice-cream Sandwich 4.0-4.0.4 October 18, 2011
- JellyBean 4.1-4.3.1 July 9, 2012
- Kitkat 4.4-4.4.4 October 31, 2013
- Lollipop 5.0-5.1.1 November 12, 2014
- Marshmallow 6.0-6.0.1 October 5, 2015
- Nought 7.0-7.1.12 August 22, 2016
- Oreo 8.0-8.1 August 21, 2017
- Pie 9.0 August 6, 2018
- Android 10.0 September 3, 2019
- Android 11 September 8, 2020
- Android 12 February 18, 2021
Features of Android:-
Interface
Android's default user interface is mainly based on direct manipulation, using touch inputs that loosely correspond to real-world actions, like swiping, tapping, pinching, and reverse pinching to manipulate on-screen objects, along with a virtual keyboard. Game controllers and full-size physical keyboards are supported via Bluetooth or USB.
Home screen
Android devices boot to the home screen, the primary navigation and information "hub" on Android devices, analogous to the desktop found on personal computers. Android home screens are typically made up of app icons and widgets; app icons launch the associated app, whereas widgets display live, auto-updating content, such as a weather forecast, the user's email inbox, or news ticker directly on the home screen.
Notifications
Notifications are "short, timely, and relevant information about your app when it's not in use." Beginning with Android 4.1 "Jelly Bean," "expandable notifications" allow the user to tap an icon on the notification for it to expand and display more information and possible app actions right from the notification. When tapped, users are directed to a screen inside the app relating to the notification.
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