emerged in the 20th cent. under the leadership of FREDRICK WINSLOW TAYLOR.
The theory analyzes and synthesizes workflows in an organization
Taylor is said to have propounded the scientific theory in years to come Charles Babbage, Henry R. Towne, Frederick Hasley, and Henry Metcalf extensively used scientific management methods and techniques in an organization.
LOUIS BRANDIES 1910 coined the term scientific management and was used by Taylor.
The scientific theory of management is also known as “Taylorism”
F.W. TAYLOR
BORN in Germany in 1856
he worked in various capacities as a laborer, gang boss research director, and chief engineer.
birthplace of Taylor’s scientific theory of management can be traced to ‘The Midvale Steel Company’ which was one of the armour companies of America.
Taylor observed that workers consistently failed to give the required output of their work he also observed that there was a need to devise scientific methods for the workers to ensure the required output.
the scientific theory had a significant impact on administrative thought and practice in both industrial and government organizations TAYLOR’S contribution to the scientific theory of management is contained in the following books-
A Piece Rate System 1895
Shop Management 1903
Art of Cutting Metals 1906
Principles of scientific management
Principles of Scientific Management 1911
Taylor in his theory of Scientific Management laid four principles that he regarded as crucial for increasing productivity within any organization. These are as follows
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Develop a scientific approach to various management tasks.
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The rigorous assortment of workforce and their continuous training.
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Combination of scientific approach and rationally chosen workforce.
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Fixing the obligations of the employer and employees.
Science of Work and Its Development
Taylor observed that a scientific approach is a must in dealing with the workforce.
He believed that systematic observation helps find out the most appropriate way of doing a job. He attempted to replace the old thumb rule method.
This needs gathering, recording, and tabulating various work experiences and finally formulating rules based on them.
These rules are to be applied in actual work situations. This will ensure diminishing unnecessary criticism of the supervisor.
Scientific Selection and Development of Workmen
scientific approach in selection of work force and continuous development of work culture
each worker his or her potential for growth.
There must be systematic training.
Scientific approach implies that right person should be selected for right job.
The proper environment should be created so that workers accept the new methods, tools and conditions enthusiastically
Combining Science of Work and Scientifically Selected Workers
he emphasized on bringing together and science of work with the scientific selection and development of the workforce. This provides the firm basis to his idea of Scientific Management.
Workers and Management: Division of Responsibility
a conductive atmosphere of shared responsibility by the proper division of work between the employer and workers.
In the prevalent practice, workers were always blamed for the occurrence of any problem in the organization.
Hence, Taylor preferred an equal division of responsibility between the two which can prevent one section from being overburdened.
Such sharing of responsibility is important for creating a stress-free environment for workers in an organization
FUNCTIONAL FOREMANSHIP
Taylor advocated for division of work between manager and worker thus, favored a complete separation of planning function from doing function
each worker would be supervised by & guided by the 8 functional foremen
TAYLOR observed that there was a need to have planners & planning unit. he rejected the idea of single foremanship
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