Climate

Climate refers to the average weather conditions at a specific place over a longer period. It considers the same factors, namely temperature, pressure, winds, humidity and rainfall. All sites on the Earth do not have the same temperature. The temperature keeps on changing from place to place and from time to time. This is because the Earth rotates on its axis once every 24 hours. Rotation divides the Earth into a lit-up half and a dark half. So we have both day and night on the Earth.     

 Solar radiation increases temperature during the day and heats the decreased solar radiation.

Polar regions do not receive much sunlight or rainfall and are very cold and dry.

Distance from the equator: places near the equator are hotter as they receive more sunlight than anywhere else on the Earth.

The direction of prevailing winds from the seaside bring rain to coastal areas and dry weather to inland areas.

.Warm Ocean currents make the climate warm and wet.Cool Ocean currents make the climate cool and dry

Monsoon Climate

A monsoon climate is one in which the wind blows from one direction (often southwest) for half the year and the opposite direction (northeast) for the other half. Monsoon climates are found mainly in the subcontinent and Southeast Asia, though tiny areas in Western Australia, western Africa, and the southern USA have such a climate.

One of the main characteristics of the monsoon climate, especially in Asia, is that the south-westerly winds, which blow from April to October, usually bring heavy rain, and the north-easterly winds (November to March) are dry and often fantastic or cold.

Monsoons are land-sea breezes on a huge scale. In summer, the land heats up rapidly and draws in moist winds from over the ocean. In winter, the land, especially the center of the Asian continent, cools quickly so that the warmer air over the sea rises, drawing in the colder winds.

Because monsoons commonly occur in the tropics where the temperature is high, and because there is plenty of rain, even if only seasonal, monsoon lands are usually fertile, agricultural regions, the natural vegetation is deciduous forest, whose leaves come out at the beginning of the wet season. The forest trees, such as teak and other hardwoods, are precious, and bamboo, typical of monsoon lands, is used for almost everything—building, furniture, water pipes, tools, fencing, and, in earlier times, even for writing on.

Where the natural vegetation has been cleared, crops such as rice, sugar cane, bananas, tea, and many fruits are grown

Although Pakistan has a monsoon climate, it does not have high annual rainfall. Most of the south-westerly winds carrying the rain are made to change direction because of the shape of the subcontinent and approach the country from the south-east. This means they must cross much of India before reaching Pakistan and have lost much of their moisture before arriving in our country. As a result, Pakistan has an average rainfall of 250mm, whereas the western coast of India gets 450mm.

Season

These are change in climate temperature, rainfall, wind direction, hours of sun shine, etc.. that we experience in any one place throughout the year.We all know spring, summer, autumn and winter, and that these are oposite in the northern and southern hemispheres: when it is summer in the north, it is winter in south; autumn in the north is spring in the south, and so on.