what are the Introduction of Zoology

Introduction of Zoology

During the post-Vedic period, Sushruta wrote Sushruta Samhita which he described two categories of substance, namely sthavara like plant and jangama like animals. Describe the human anatomy based on his studies on dead bodies. Because of his contribution to surgery, Sushruta is known as the" Father of surgery" post-Vedic India literature depicts the assistance of various eminent persons in the field of medicine, namely Atreya, Charak, and Agnivesa, the leading physician.

Charaka wrote" Charaka Samhita," in which ayurvedic facts and origin and evolution of life were mentioned. He mentioned immunity, metabolism, digestion, and body suffering due to imbalance more three substances such as bile, phlegm, and wind. Taittiriya wrote " Taittiriya Upanishad," in which he traced the evolution of living space.

Hippocrates, a Greek physician, was the first to write about human disease. " Father of medicine," an ancient famous Greek philosopher Aristotle describes 500 animal types in Historia animaliunm. He was a distinguished student of Plato and asked the teacher of Alexander the Great. He was the 1st to adopt the classification of animals based on their superficial resembles and named it " artificial classification." Aristotle is honored as " Father of Zoology." And also" father of ichthyology." Pliny wrote a voluminous book " Natural History" in 37 volumes. It contains the description of some animals and their disease.

From 16 to a century to 19 the century

A species may be defined as" a group of closely resembling organisms that if sexually reproduction freely interbreeds in nature. Member of species are descended from a common ancestor and have similar hereditary characters. In the biological classification, animals are graded under different major categories or texa, such as species. Genus, family, order, class and phylum, and kingdom

Andreas Vesalius- made an experimental study on human anatomy and published on the book " on the structure of the human body" he is known as the " founder of modern anatomy."
Zakaria Jennssen - invented the compound the light microscope. The invention of the microscope enabled several scientists to study different aspects of animal life.

William Harvey- discovered blood circulation and experimental study physiology and embryology and is on old age "father of physiology."
Marcello Malpighi - studies blood and other tissues worm and development of the chick, discovered the bowman's capsule in vertebrate kidney and germinal layer in skin named stratum Malpighi in his honor. He is regarded as the" father of microscopy."
Robert Hooke - describe the structure of the cell for the first time after experimenting with themes like bottle cork under the microscope.
John Ray- classified the plant, insect, snake, quadrupeds and initiated the concept of species.

Antoni van leeuwenhoek - discovered human RBC, spermatozoa, and some protozoan and other microorganism ,he is owner as " father of microbiology"
Georges Buffon- published detailed descriptions of animals and plants in 36 volumes in his making book History story naturally.
Carolus Linnaeus- classify the plant and animal in his famous book Systema nature. Introduced the binomial nomenclature for naming plant and animal species by two names. He is regarded as the" Father of modern Taxonomy."
Leonard Da Vinci- studied Fossil and opined that these are evidence of the past, he is known as the" father of paleontology."

Baron Georges Cuvier- the lead foundation of competitive anatomy and pathology called the" father of comparative anatomy."
Robert Brown- discovered" Brownian movement" in the cytoplasm and a nucleus in a living cell.

Louise posture- Louis Pasteur considers bacteriology. His contribution is this branch of scientific significance.
Richard Owen - studied homology and analogy of organs amongst animals.

There are about one million types of animals now existing on the earth. They exhibit wide diversity in their shape, size, habitat, structure organization, and behavior, etc. It is necessary to classify them into different categories for convenience to study. Classification has been made broadly based on structural graded in order of increasing complexity.

The aim of classification is two folds :

To recognize and describe the basic unit of type i.e., the species and
To group species based on resemblance and relationships into higher categories.

Aristotle, first of all, attempted to classify animals, for he is regarded as the " father of zoology." John Ray presented a comprehensive scheme of classification. Later, Carolus Linnaeus has formulated a system of a variety of living organisms successfully. He is referred to as" Father of the sort"

Classification is broad of three types: Artificial, natural, and phylogenetic. Artificial classification is based on superficial similarities and differences, but the biological classification is based on structure resemblance and phylogenetic and evolutionary trends. It is also called the Linnaeus classification.

Modern classification is a modified form of nature classification, simply an expanded form of Linnaeus classification.

A species may be defined as" a group of closely resembling organisms. Members of a species are descended from a common ancestor and have similar hereditary characters.

The international commission of zoological nomenclature in 1898 has formulated some rules of nomenclature for naming the animal.