1. Linux
The term Linux is actually referred to mean a general of UNIX like operating system developed by a finish software architect Linus Torvald. The name Linux is derived from Linus UNIX. Linux was originated from the inspiration of a small UNIX like operating system MINIS by A. S Tenenbaum. The Linux Kernel was first released to the public in September 1991 for Intel X86 architecture. Unlike Windows and other proprietary system, Linux is publicly open and extensible by contribute to the Linux Kernel. The distributor of the Linux is governed by a General Public License called GNU. GNU is not UNIX. It is a recursive name, which means any modified version that is redistributed must be freely available in the form of source code. The kernel itself is not usable unless some forms of application software are added with it. To make a complete workable system, the Linux Kernel is supplied with illusion of other system utilities library and application from the GNU project. It is a 32-bit OS that runs on a variety of platform, different functions. Today Linux is packed and distributed for different uses by different Linux vendors like RED HAT, SUSE, Mandrake, Debian, Ubuntu, cent OS, white box etc. Linux is a widely used in services including Intel, PowerPC, SPARC and Alpha platforms. Sometimes Linux is suggested as a possible publicity developed alternative to the desktop predominance of Microsoft Windows. Linux is popular among user already familiar with UNIX, but it is far behind windows in number of users. However, it's use in business area is growing. Linux's distribution is also commonly used as OS for Super Computer. Linux is a complete multiuser, multiprocessing, secure and stable operating system which is also considered as UNIX clone. However, no code from the proprietary from AT and T is included in UNIX. It has flavor UNIX but is not UNIX.
2. UNIX
UNIX is a layered operating system. The innermost layer is the hardware that provides the services for the OS. The innermost layer is the hardware that provides the services for the OS. The operating system, referred to in UNIX as the kernel, interacts directly with the hardware and provides the services to the user program. These user programs don't need to know anything about the hardware. They just need to know how to interact with the kernel, and it's up to the kernel to provide the desired service. One of the big appeal of UNIX to the programmer that has been that most well written user programs are independent of the underlying hardware, making them readily portable to a new system. The user program interacts with the kernel through the set of standard system calls. These system calls request services to be provided by the kernel. Such services would include accessing a file: open close, read, write, link, or execute a file; starting or updating an accounting record; changing ownership of a file or directory; changing to a new directory; creating, suspending, or killing a process; enabling access to hardware devices; and setting limits on system resources. UNIX is a multiuser, multitasking operating system. We can many users logged into a system simultaneously, each running many programs. It's the kernel's job to keep each processor and user separate and to regulate access to system hardware, including CPU, memory, disk and other devices.
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