Generations of computers
(1) First Generation (1946 1956)
Computers developed between 1946 and 1956 are called first-generation computers. The main electronic device used in this generation of computers was the vacuum tube. The vacuum tube called the diode valve was invented by Sir Ambrose Fleming in 1904. According to the standard design of von Neumann, computers worked on the binary number system. In the binary system, a switch is used, which can be turned 'on' or 'off' very quickly. With the help of these (Binary 1, 0) switches, Clay Shannon created a switching circuit that was 'On' or 'Off' from 1, 0.
(2) Second Generation (1956-1964)
Computers developed between 1956 and 1964 are called second-generation computers. The main electronic device used in this generation of computers was the transistor. In 1948, three physicists John Budden, Walter H. Bratten, and William Shockley, invented the transistor in their laboratory, Bell Telephone Laboratories. This invention created a new revolution in the field of electronics.
The term transistor is an abbreviation for 'transfer resistor.' The transistor was similar to a triode valve, but it was smaller, with relatively less power consumption. The heat emitted from the transistor was also relatively small. In 1952, Shockley designed the Field Effect Transistor, FET. It contained an electrode, which was called a gate. With the installation of the gate, the conductivity of the transistor increased. It took only one microsecond to move from one position to another, that is, from being a flip to a flop again. Such circuits were called flip-flop circuits. Using these circuits, calculations could be done easily in the Binary Number System, so transistors were used in computers.
(3) Third Generation (1964-1970)
Computers developed between 1964 and 1970 are called third-generation computers. The main electronic device used in this generation of computers was the Integrated Circuit - I.C. From the 1960s onwards, efforts were made to make every part of the electronic equipment smaller and smaller. The smaller the electronic circuitry, the less space the equipment takes up, the lower the power consumption and the lower the heat emitted.
In 1966, it became possible to make thousands of transistors on a single chip in the form of integrated circuits (I.C.), due to which the size of computers became relatively small. Minicomputers were being manufactured in the third generation of computer development. These mini-computers used to occupy the same space like a cupboard. One of these calculations took only one nanosecond.
(4) Fourth Generation (1970 1985)
Computers developed between 1970 and 1985 are called fourth generation computers. The main electronic device used in this generation of computers was the microprocessor. With the creation of the Large Scale Integrated Circuit, it became possible that the entire Central Processing Unit came on a single chip. Such chips were called microprocessors and 'micro-computers of the computers using them. In 1971, the American company Intel Corporation made the first microprocessor chip.
(5) Fifth generation (1985-till date)
Computers of the fifth generation are going through the process of development since 1985 till now. It is expected that this generation of computers will be ready in the next few years. Efforts are being made to inculcate human-like qualities in this generation of computers. Fifth-generation computers will have the ability to decide for themselves what the next step is. These computers with artificial intelligence will work very fast and have very high memory capacity. Today's computer cannot collect as much information as we gather by looking at an open field for a moment because not every analog signal can be converted into digital. That's why computer scientists want to build computers that take analog signals in analog form and work on them. Fifth-generation computers. There are also plans to use artificial intelligence.
You must be logged in to post a comment.