Kidney and its functions

 The kidney is almost the most important organ of the human body. Its malfunction can lead to serious illness or even death. Its composition, structure and function are very complex.

• Its two major and important functions are to flush out toxins and waste and to maintain water, fluid, mineral and chemical balance.

 The structure and composition of the kidney

The kidney makes urine to remove excess water and toxins from the body. Urine is formed by the kidneys and passes through the ureter, then into the bladder and finally out through the urethra.

Most people (male or female) have two kidneys. The function, structure and location of the kidney are the same in men and women.

 Both kidneys are located on the upper and back sides of the abdomen, and on both sides of the spine. They are protected from damage by the ribs below.

  It is a pair of pea-shaped drops. An adult kidney is about 10 cm long, 6 cm wide and 4 cm thick, and weighs about 150 to 170 grams.

 Urine formed in the kidney and passes through the ureter to the urinary bladder. The ureter is a muscular hollow tube about 25 cm long.

 * Urinary bladder is a hollow organ made of ligaments and is located in the lower and inner part of the abdomen. It acts like a tank to collect urine.

 In an adult, the bladder can hold 400 to 500 ml of urine. And when this amount is approached, a human feels the need to expel it.

 Urine in the bladder exits through the urethra. Urinary valve in women is a little smaller than men.

 Why is the kidney important to the body?

We eat different types and amounts of food every day.

The amount of water, salt and acid in our body also varies every day.

 The continuous process of converting food into energy and power creates toxic and harmful substances.

  All these factors cause changes in the amount of fluid, minerals and acids. Accumulation of these unwanted toxins can be hazardous to health. 

  It does the very important job of cleaning out harmful and toxic acids and materials. At the same time, it works to balance water, minerals and acid levels.

 How is blood purified and blood formed?

  In the process of purifying the blood, the kidney removes all the necessary materials, especially excess fluids, minerals and waste materials.

  Let us understand this complex and amazing urine formation process.

  Did you know that every minute 1200 ml of blood goes to both kidneys for cleaning, which is 20% of the total blood pumped by the heart? So in this way 1700 liters of blood is cleaned in a day!

 This process of blood purification takes place in many small filtering units, called nephrons.

  Each group has about one million nephrons. And each nephron (nephron) glomerulus (glomerulus) and tube (from tubule

 Becomes. Glomerulus (glomerulus) are small filters which have the properties of selective filters. Water or such small substances can be filtered through it with great ease. But red blood cells which are Large in size, white blood cells, and platelets etc. cannot pass through these pores. Therefore, the urine of a healthy person does not contain bulky substances.

 The first stage of urine formation takes place in the glomeruli, where 125 ml of urine is filtered and purified in a minute. It is very strange that 180 liters of urine is produce in 24 hours! It not only contains waste materials, minerals and toxins, but also contains glucose and other useful substances.

 The kidney performs the reabsorption process with great efficiency. Of the 180 liters of fluid that enters the tubule, 99 percent of it is reabsorbed "and" the remaining one percent is excreted in the form of urine.

 What are the functions and functions of the kidney?

 The primary function of the kidney is to make urine and purify the blood. The kidney removes waste matter, excess salt and chemicals, which are not needed by the body. Following are the main functions and functions of kidney. 

 Cleansing the blood by removing waste and excess matter

  The most important function of the kidney is to clean the blood by removing waste and extra substances. The food we eat consists of protein. Protein is essential for the growth and repair of the body. But the protein used by the body creates waste. Accumulation of these substances is like poison for the body. The kidney cleans the blood, and removes toxic waste in the form of urine.  Creatinine and urea are two important waste materials, and their amounts can be easily measured. And its value and importance in the blood show the function and functions of the group.

  Removal and separation of excess fluid

 The second most important function of the kidneys is to maintain the balance of fluid, and this balance is maintained by expelling excess water in the form of urine and obtaining the required amount of water for the body. So in this way, the kidney keeps the amount of water necessary for the body. When they break down or stop working, they lose the ability to excrete excess water in the form of urine. And the excess of water in the body causes sleep.

 Mineral and chemical balance

 The kidney plays another important role in the excretion of minerals and chemical elements such as sodium, potassium, hydrogen, calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, and bicarbonate. And at the same time, it maintains the physical structure of the body fluids. Changes in sodium levels can affect the sensorial. While changes in potassium levels affect heart rhythm and coordination and function in children. Distribution and maintaining normal levels of phosphorus are essential for healthy bones and teeth.

 Controlling blood pressure

 The kidney makes different types of hormones (Ran, Angiotensin, Prostaglandin, etc.), and controls water and salt in the body, which plays an important role in controlling blood pressure. In a patient with kidney disease, the disruption of hormone production and control of water and salt causes high blood pressure.

 Formation and production of red blood cells

 Kidney stone formation plays an important role in the production of primary blood cells (RCB). In kidney failure, erythrocyte excretion is reduced, which in turn leads to decreased production of red blood cells and this also leads to a decrease in homogluhain. 

 Maintain healthy bones

 The kidney converts vitamin D to its active form, which is necessary for the absorption of calcium from food, the development of teeth and bones, and the maintenance of healthy bones. In kidney failure due to active vitamin D, the kidneys slow down and weaken. Renal failure can be the first growth retardation in children, growth retardation can lead to stunting in children.

 Can urine volume change in a person with healthy kidneys?

 Yes, it can be. Because the amount of water and the temperature of the environment are two important factors that determine the amount of urine in a normal person.

  When the amount of water is low, the urine becomes concentrated and its volume is reduced (about 500 ml), but when water is drunk frequently,

 More urine is produce. • In winter, the high temperature also causes a decrease in urine output due to sweating, and in winter, quite differently, the temperature drops, and there is no sweating, which Due to excessive urination.

 In a person with a normal intake of water, if the urine volume is less than 300 ml or more than 3000 ml, it is a clear sign that the kidneys need attention and check.

  Common symptoms of kidney disease.

  1) Swelling above the eyes in the morning after waking up

 (2) Loss of appetite, vomiting, nausea.

(3) Frequent urination, especially at night.

(4) Suffers high blood pressure at a young age.

(5) There is a feeling of weakness, a child's pan, in the blood.

(6) Shortness of breath on short walk, feels very quick.

(7) Bed wetting even after six years of age.

(8) scanty urine.

(9) Urinary irritation and discharge of blood or material.